Ralph Fulshurst

M, #1591

Marriage* as her second husband, Principal=Anne Chamberlayne1,2,3 
Probate*1530 mentions wife Anne and "my sonne Cope."2 
Name Variation Ralph Foulshurst3 

Last Edited3 Jul 2004

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-37.
  2. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 5.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 16.

Sir Edward Raleigh Knt.1

M, #1592, b. circa 1441, d. before 6 June 1513

Father*William Raleigh Esq.2,1,3,4 b. s 1420, d. 14 Oct 1460
Mother*Elizabeth Greene5,6,3,4 b. c 1416
Sir Edward Raleigh Knt.|b. c 1441\nd. b 6 Jun 1513|p54.htm#i1592|William Raleigh Esq.|b. s 1420\nd. 14 Oct 1460|p54.htm#i1599|Elizabeth Greene|b. c 1416|p54.htm#i1598|John Ralegh|b. c 1382|p54.htm#i1600|Idony Cotesford||p54.htm#i1601|Sir Thomas Greene Knt.|b. 10 Feb 1400\nd. 18 Jan 1461/62|p54.htm#i1602|Philippa de Ferrers||p54.htm#i1603|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*circa 1441 2,1,7 
Birthcirca 1442 8,9 
Marriage*1467 Principal=Margaret Verney2,1,10,11,8,12 
Death*before 6 June 1513 13,12 
Probate*6 June 1513 2,13,8 
Occupationbetween 1461 and 1503 Justice of the Peace1 
Occupation*1467 Warwickshire, England, Sheriff of Warwickshire1,8 
Occupation Sheriff of Leicestershire8 
Residence* Farnborough, Warwickshire, England7,8,12 
Residence Ilfracombe, Devonshire, England8,12 
Will*20 June 1509 refers to father William and mother Elizabeth. Requested burial in Chapel of Our Lady at Farnborough1,8,12 
Note Birth place in question; may be Farneborough Warws. vs. Wrks., England?

Death date: family group record indicates "will 20 JUN 1509"

Info. sources: Marbury Ancestry A9A27, p. 37; B10B7, p. 173
 

Family

Margaret Verney b. c 1445
Children

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 37.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-36.
  3. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 7.
  4. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 14.
  5. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  6. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-11.
  7. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-13.
  8. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 6.
  9. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 16.
  10. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 16.
  11. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-12.
  12. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 15.
  13. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 17.
  14. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-37.

Margaret Verney1

F, #1593, b. circa 1445

Father*Sir Ralph Verney M.P.2,1,3,4,5,6 b. c 1412, d. Jun 1478
Mother*Emme (?)5,6
Margaret Verney|b. c 1445|p54.htm#i1593|Sir Ralph Verney M.P.|b. c 1412\nd. Jun 1478|p54.htm#i1594|Emme (?)||p380.htm#i11383|Ralph Verney||p446.htm#i13365||||||||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*circa 1445 London, England 
Marriage*1467 Principal=Sir Edward Raleigh Knt.2,1,3,4,5,6 
Married Name1467 Raleigh2,1 
Living*1509 6 

Family

Sir Edward Raleigh Knt. b. c 1441, d. b 6 Jun 1513
Children

Last Edited3 Jul 2004

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 37.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-36.
  3. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 16.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-12.
  5. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 6.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 15.
  7. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 17.
  8. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-37.

Sir Ralph Verney M.P.

M, #1594, b. circa 1412, d. June 1478

Father*Ralph Verney1
Sir Ralph Verney M.P.|b. c 1412\nd. Jun 1478|p54.htm#i1594|Ralph Verney||p446.htm#i13365||||||||||||||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*circa 1412 London, England 
Marriage* Principal=Emme (?)2,3 
Marriage* Principal=Eleanor Poole1 
Death*June 1478 4 
Apprenticed*1434 London, Middlesex, England, He finished his apprenticeship to Thomas Faulconer, mercer.5 
Occupation1456 City of London, England, Sheriff4 
Occupation1457 Castle Baynard, City of London, England, Alderman4 
Occupation1459 City of London, England, M.P. for London, 1459, 1469, 14724 
Occupation*1465 London, England, Lord Mayor of London in 5 Edward IV6,7,2,3 
Occupation City of London, England, a mercer4 
Knighted*21 May 1471 City of London, England4 
Will*11 June 1478 8 
Note* This partial coalescence of the interests of the bourgeoisie and the landowners is excellently illustrated by the history of the Verney family. The founder of the line, the merchant Ralph Verney, became Lord Mayor of London in 1465. After the Battle of Tewkeshury which ended the Wars of the Roses, Edward IV knighted twelve citizens in testimony of gratitude to his supporters; among these, Verney stood first and received a grant of land.9 
HTML* 
Verney
and Middle Claydon an estate Ralph Verney apparently purchased.

British History Online  

Family 1
Child

Family 2

Eleanor Poole
Children

Family 3

Emme (?)
Children

Last Edited5 Jul 2004

Citations

  1. [S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
  2. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 6.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 15.
  4. [S211] Rev. Alfred B. Beaven, Aldermen of the City of London.
  5. [S288] Sylvia Thrup, Merchant Class of Medieval London.
  6. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-36.
  7. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 37.
  8. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 16.
  9. [S212] Aleksandr A. Smirnov, Shakespeare: A Marxist Interpretation.
  10. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-12.

Richard Chamberlayne

M, #1595, b. between 1436 and 1439, d. 28 August 1496

 

Father*Richard Chamberlayne1,2,3 b. 1391, d. 1439
Mother*Margaret Knyvet1,2,4 b. c 1412, d. shortly before 12 May 1458
Richard Chamberlayne|b. bt 1436 - 1439\nd. 28 Aug 1496|p54.htm#i1595|Richard Chamberlayne|b. 1391\nd. 1439|p56.htm#i1671|Margaret Knyvet|b. c 1412\nd. shortly before 12 May 1458|p56.htm#i1672|Sir Richard Chamberlayne|b. 1320\nd. 24 Aug 1396|p75.htm#i2232|Margaret Loveyne|b. c 1372\nd. 18 Apr 1408|p75.htm#i2233|Sir John Knyvet|b. c 1380\nd. 9 Nov 1445|p56.htm#i1673|Elizabeth Clifton|b. c 1392\nd. b 8 Dec 1461|p56.htm#i1674|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*between 1436 and 1439 Titchmarsh Parish, Coates, Northampton, England1,5,6 
Marriagebefore 30 November 1476 Principal=Sibyl Fowler6 
Marriage*before 1484 Conflict=Sibyl Fowler7,8,9 
Burial1496 Shirburne, Oxfordshire, England7,6 
Death*28 August 1496 1,7 
Probate*19 October 1496 7,6 
Feudal* Coates (in Titchmarsh), Northamptonshire; Standbridge and Tilsworth, Bedfordshire; Petsoe (in Emberton), Buckinghamshire; North Reston, Lincolnshire; Barton St. John, Oxfordshire; Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire.6 
Name Variation Richard Chamberlain Esq.6 
(Witness) Probate1470 Principal=William Chamberlayne6 
Will*18 August 1496 7 

Family

Sibyl Fowler b. c 1448, d. 1525
Children

Last Edited10 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 238-13.
  2. [S192] F. N. Craig, "Chamberlains in the Marbury Ancestry", p.319.
  3. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 53-10.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 53-11.
  5. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 16.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Chamberlain 12.
  7. [S195] Ronny Bodine, Chamberlain of Buckinghamshire and Northhamptonshire in "Chamberlain," listserve message 26 Mar 1999.
  8. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 53-12.
  9. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 5.
  10. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 18.
  11. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-37.
  12. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 42.
  13. [S192] F. N. Craig, "Chamberlains in the Marbury Ancestry", p.318.

Sibyl Fowler

F, #1596, b. circa 1448, d. 1525

Father*Richard Fowler1,2
Mother*Joan Danvers d. 1505
Sibyl Fowler|b. c 1448\nd. 1525|p54.htm#i1596|Richard Fowler||p54.htm#i1597|Joan Danvers|d. 1505|p56.htm#i1670|||||||John Danvers||p470.htm#i14086||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*circa 1448 Of Rycott, Great Haseley, Oxfordshire, England 
Birthcirca 1456  
Marriagebefore 30 November 1476 Principal=Richard Chamberlayne2 
Marriage*before 1484 Conflict=Richard Chamberlayne3,4,5 
Death*1525 4 
Burial* Shirburn, Oxfordshire, England2 
Married Name Chamberlayne6 

Family

Richard Chamberlayne b. bt 1436 - 1439, d. 28 Aug 1496
Children

Last Edited6 Oct 2004

Citations

  1. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 18.
  2. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Chamberlain 12.
  3. [S195] Ronny Bodine, Chamberlain of Buckinghamshire and Northhamptonshire in "Chamberlain," listserve message 26 Mar 1999.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 53-12.
  5. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 5.
  6. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-37.
  7. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 16.

Richard Fowler

M, #1597

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage* Principal=Joan Danvers1 
Occupation* Chancellor of the Exchequer to King Edward IV2,3,4,5 
Residence* Sherbourne, Oxfordshire, England6,3,4 
Title* Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster6,5 

Family

Joan Danvers d. 1505
Child

Last Edited6 Oct 2004

Citations

  1. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 18.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-37.
  3. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 5.
  4. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 16.
  5. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Chamberlain 12.
  6. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 53-12.

Elizabeth Greene

F, #1598, b. circa 1416

 

Father*Sir Thomas Greene Knt.1,2,3 b. 10 Feb 1400, d. 18 Jan 1461/62
Mother*Philippa de Ferrers1,2
Elizabeth Greene|b. c 1416|p54.htm#i1598|Sir Thomas Greene Knt.|b. 10 Feb 1400\nd. 18 Jan 1461/62|p54.htm#i1602|Philippa de Ferrers||p54.htm#i1603|Sir Thomas Greene Knt.|b. bt 1369 - 1370\nd. 14 Dec 1417|p8.htm#i233|Mary Talbot|d. 13 Apr 1434|p54.htm#i1604|Sir Robert de Ferrers|b. 31 Oct 1357 or 31 Oct 1359\nd. 12 Mar 1413 or 13 Mar 1413|p71.htm#i2114|Margaret le Despencer|d. 3 Nov 1415|p58.htm#i1731|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*circa 1416 Green's Norton, Northhamptonshire, England 
Marriage*before 1433 Principal=William Raleigh Esq.4,5,6,7,8,9 
Married Name Raleigh 

Family

William Raleigh Esq. b. s 1420, d. 14 Oct 1460
Children

Last Edited13 Mar 2008

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-10.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 13.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-36.
  5. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 15.
  6. [S191] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, "Royal Ancestry of Anne Marbury", p. 180.
  7. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-11.
  8. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 7.
  9. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 14.
  10. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 16.

William Raleigh Esq.1

M, #1599, b. say 1420, d. 14 October 1460

Father*John Ralegh b. c 1382; son and heir2,3,4
Mother*Idony Cotesford2,3,4
William Raleigh Esq.|b. s 1420\nd. 14 Oct 1460|p54.htm#i1599|John Ralegh|b. c 1382|p54.htm#i1600|Idony Cotesford||p54.htm#i1601|Sir Thomas de Ralegh Knt.|b. c 1330\nd. 6 Nov 1396|p73.htm#i2177|Agnes Swinford||p73.htm#i2179|Sir Thomas Cotesford Knt.||p73.htm#i2185||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*say 1420 3 
Marriage*before 1433 Principal=Elizabeth Greene5,6,7,8,3,4 
Death*14 October 1460 2,1,8,4 
Name Variation Ralegh9 
Residence* Farnborough, Warwickshire, England3 

Family

Elizabeth Greene b. c 1416
Children

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 37.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  3. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 7.
  4. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 14.
  5. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-36.
  6. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 15.
  7. [S191] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, "Royal Ancestry of Anne Marbury", p. 180.
  8. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-11.
  9. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 14.
  10. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 16.

John Ralegh1

M, #1600, b. circa 1382

Father*Sir Thomas de Ralegh Knt.1 b. c 1330, d. 6 Nov 1396
Mother*Agnes Swinford2
John Ralegh|b. c 1382|p54.htm#i1600|Sir Thomas de Ralegh Knt.|b. c 1330\nd. 6 Nov 1396|p73.htm#i2177|Agnes Swinford||p73.htm#i2179|John de Ralegh|b. b 1314\nd. b 29 Sep 1348|p73.htm#i2168|Rose Helion||p73.htm#i2170|Sir William Swinford Knt.||p73.htm#i2181||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*circa 1382 3 
Marriage*before 1397 Principal=Idony Cotesford4,5,6 
Name Variation Raleigh 
Residence* Thornborow, Warwickshire, England5 

Family

Idony Cotesford
Child

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 13.
  2. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 12.
  3. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 14.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  5. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 7.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 14.

Idony Cotesford

F, #1601

Father*Sir Thomas Cotesford Knt.; daughter and heir1,2,3
Idony Cotesford||p54.htm#i1601|Sir Thomas Cotesford Knt.||p73.htm#i2185||||Roger Cotesford||p449.htm#i13446||||||||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*before 1397 Principal=John Ralegh4,2,3 
Name Variation Idoine5 
Married Namebefore 1397 Ralegh4 

Family

John Ralegh b. c 1382
Child

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 14.
  2. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 7.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 14.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  5. [S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Cheselinde 11.

Sir Thomas Greene Knt.

M, #1602, b. 10 February 1400, d. 18 January 1461/62

 

Father*Sir Thomas Greene Knt.1,2,3,4 b. bt 1369 - 1370, d. 14 Dec 1417
Mother*Mary Talbot1,5,2,3,4 d. 13 Apr 1434
Sir Thomas Greene Knt.|b. 10 Feb 1400\nd. 18 Jan 1461/62|p54.htm#i1602|Sir Thomas Greene Knt.|b. bt 1369 - 1370\nd. 14 Dec 1417|p8.htm#i233|Mary Talbot|d. 13 Apr 1434|p54.htm#i1604|Sir Thomas Greene Knt.||p63.htm#i1887|Maud Mablethorp||p63.htm#i1888|Sir Richard Talbot|b. c 1361\nd. bt 8 Sep 1396 - 9 Sep 1396|p54.htm#i1605|Ankaret le Strange|b. 1361\nd. 1 Jun 1413|p69.htm#i2061|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Of Green's Norton and Boughton, Northamptonshire6 
Birth*10 February 1400 Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire, England1,7,8 
Marriage*before 16 December 1421 Bride=Philippa de Ferrers1,7,8,4,9 
Marriage*before 7 December 1434 Private chapel in the house of Richard Knyghtley, Fawesley, Northamptonshire, England, This marriage was clandestine, 1st=Marine Bellars8,4 
Death*18 January 1461/62 1,10,11,7,8,4 
Burial* Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire, England5,8,4 
Note The source of the children's names was the 1585 King of Arms Greene pedigree. Contemporary records have been found only for Thomas and Isabel., Principal=Philippa de Ferrers12 
Occupation*4 November 1454 Northamptonshire, England, Sheriff of Northamptonshire1,5 

Family 1

Marine Bellars b. c 1415, d. 10 Sep 1489
Children

Family 2

Philippa de Ferrers
Children

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-34.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-9.
  3. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 9.
  4. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 13.
  5. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
  6. [S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Greene 10.
  7. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-10.
  8. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 8.
  9. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 105.
  10. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 15.
  11. [S191] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, "Royal Ancestry of Anne Marbury", p. 181.
  12. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  13. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Hardwick 14.

Philippa de Ferrers1

F, #1603

Father*Sir Robert de Ferrers2,3 b. 31 Oct 1357 or 31 Oct 1359, d. 12 Mar 1413 or 13 Mar 1413
Mother*Margaret le Despencer2,3 d. 3 Nov 1415
Philippa de Ferrers||p54.htm#i1603|Sir Robert de Ferrers|b. 31 Oct 1357 or 31 Oct 1359\nd. 12 Mar 1413 or 13 Mar 1413|p71.htm#i2114|Margaret le Despencer|d. 3 Nov 1415|p58.htm#i1731|Sir John de Ferrers|b. 10 Aug 1331\nd. 3 Apr 1367|p71.htm#i2110|Elizabeth de Stafford|b. c 1337\nd. 7 Aug 1375|p71.htm#i2111|Sir Edward le Despenser K.G., M.P.|b. 24 Mar 1335/36\nd. 11 Nov 1375|p89.htm#i2646|Elizabeth de Burghersh|b. 1342\nd. c 26 Jul 1409|p89.htm#i2647|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*before 16 December 1421 1st=Sir Thomas Greene Knt.4,5,6,7,8 
Burial* Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire, England8 
Note The source of the children's names was the 1585 King of Arms Greene pedigree. Contemporary records have been found only for Thomas and Isabel., Principal=Sir Thomas Greene Knt.9 
Name Variation Philippe Ferrers7 
Living*1427 7 

Family

Sir Thomas Greene Knt. b. 10 Feb 1400, d. 18 Jan 1461/62
Children

Last Edited20 Feb 2005

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 37.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 115-8.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Ferrers 11.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-34.
  5. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-10.
  6. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 8.
  7. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 13.
  8. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 105.
  9. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-35.
  10. [S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 15.

Mary Talbot

F, #1604, d. 13 April 1434

Father*Sir Richard Talbot1,2,3 b. c 1361, d. bt 8 Sep 1396 - 9 Sep 1396
Mother*Ankaret le Strange1,2 b. 1361, d. 1 Jun 1413
Mary Talbot|d. 13 Apr 1434|p54.htm#i1604|Sir Richard Talbot|b. c 1361\nd. bt 8 Sep 1396 - 9 Sep 1396|p54.htm#i1605|Ankaret le Strange|b. 1361\nd. 1 Jun 1413|p69.htm#i2061|Sir Gilbert Talbot|b. c 1332\nd. 24 Apr 1387|p54.htm#i1606|Pernel Butler|d. 1368|p54.htm#i1607|Sir John le Strange|b. 19 Apr 1332\nd. 12 May 1361|p69.htm#i2060|Mary FitzAlan|d. 1361|p91.htm#i2716|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*before 1383 Groom=Sir Thomas Greene Knt.1,4,5,6 
Marriagebefore 23 October 1398 Conflict=Sir Thomas Greene Knt.6 
Marriage*before 14 June 1420 without license, Groom=John Notyngham5,7 
Burial* Greene's Norton, Northamptonshire, England8,7 
Death*13 April 1434 1,4,5,7 

Family

Sir Thomas Greene Knt. b. bt 1369 - 1370, d. 14 Dec 1417
Child

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-33.
  2. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 8.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 11.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-9.
  5. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 9.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 13.
  7. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Greene 12.
  8. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
  9. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-34.

Sir Richard Talbot1

M, #1605, b. circa 1361, d. between 8 September 1396 and 9 September 1396

 

Father*Sir Gilbert Talbot2,3,4,5,6 b. c 1332, d. 24 Apr 1387
Mother*Pernel Butler7,4,5,6 d. 1368
Sir Richard Talbot|b. c 1361\nd. bt 8 Sep 1396 - 9 Sep 1396|p54.htm#i1605|Sir Gilbert Talbot|b. c 1332\nd. 24 Apr 1387|p54.htm#i1606|Pernel Butler|d. 1368|p54.htm#i1607|Sir Richard Talbot M.P.|b. c 1305\nd. 23 Oct 1356|p91.htm#i2718|Elizabeth Comyn|b. 1 Nov 1299\nd. 20 Nov 1372|p91.htm#i2719|Sir James Butler K.B.|b. 1305\nd. 6 Jan 1337/38|p54.htm#i1609|Eleanor de Bohun|d. 7 Oct 1363|p54.htm#i1608|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Of Eccleswall (in Linton), Wormelow, Herefordshire, Ley (in Westbury upon Severn), Lydney Shrewsbury, Moreton Valence, and Painswick, Gloucestershire.8 
Birth*circa 1361 7,9,10,11,1,5 
Marriage*before 23 August 1383 1st=Ankaret le Strange12,13,10,11,1,5 
Death*between 8 September 1396 and 9 September 1396 7,12,10,11,1,5 
Knighted*16 July 1377 by Richard II at his coronation, Witness=Richard II Plantagenet5 
Event-MiscJanuary 1381 Ireland, was in Ireland with Edmund, Earl of March5 
Event-Misc*between 3 March 1384 and 17 December 1387 summoned to Parliament in consequence of his marriage to the heiress of Strange of Blackmere.11,1,5 
Event-Misc13 June 1385 Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumbria, England, summoned to be present 14 Jul for service against the Scots5 
Event-Misc18 June 1387 seised of his father's lands5 
Event-Miscbetween 1 December 1387 and 13 November 1393 was summoned to Parliament by writ directed Ricard Talbot de Godriche Castell.5 
Event-Misc31 December 1389 was (upon the death of the 3rd Earl of Pembroke) awarded the Honor of Wexford in Ireland, as coheir through Elizabeth Comyn, his grandmother.5 
Event-Misc1 March 1392 Shropshire, England, was commissioner of array for Shropshire5 
Event-MiscFebruary 1395 Ireland, was in Ireland in the King's service.5 
Arms* Gules a lion and a border engrailed or1

Family

Ankaret le Strange b. 1361, d. 1 Jun 1413
Children

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 11.
  2. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  3. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 141-6.
  4. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 9.
  5. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 616.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 10.
  7. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-32.
  8. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 8.
  9. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p.36.
  10. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 141-7.
  11. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 8.
  12. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
  13. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-8.
  14. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-33.
  15. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 246.
  16. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 617.
  17. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7-31.

Sir Gilbert Talbot1,2

M, #1606, b. circa 1332, d. 24 April 1387

Father*Sir Richard Talbot M.P.3,2 b. c 1305, d. 23 Oct 1356
Mother*Elizabeth Comyn3,4,2 b. 1 Nov 1299, d. 20 Nov 1372
Sir Gilbert Talbot|b. c 1332\nd. 24 Apr 1387|p54.htm#i1606|Sir Richard Talbot M.P.|b. c 1305\nd. 23 Oct 1356|p91.htm#i2718|Elizabeth Comyn|b. 1 Nov 1299\nd. 20 Nov 1372|p91.htm#i2719|Sir Gilbert Talbot|b. 18 Oct 1276\nd. 24 Feb 1346|p365.htm#i10933|Anne le Boteler||p365.htm#i10934|John Comyn|d. 10 Feb 1306|p91.htm#i2720|Joan de Valence||p91.htm#i2721|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Of Eccleswall (in Linton), Wormelow, Herefordshire, Ley (in Westbury upon Severn), Lydney Shrewsbury, Moreton Valence, and Painswick, Gloucestershire.5 
Birth*circa 1332 6,1,4,7,8 
Marriage*before 8 September 1352 Bride=Pernel Butler9,4,7,2,10 
Marriage*before 16 November 1379 Pardoned on that date for marrying without license., 2nd=Joan de Stafford7,10,2 
Death*24 April 1387 Roales, Spain, of pestilence9,1,4,7,10,2 
Event-Misc1 February 1357 Gascony, France, was in the King's service in Gascony with the Prince of Wales.8 
Event-Misc*14 August 1362 Member of Parliament6,4,7 
Event-Miscbetween 14 August 1362 and 8 August 1386 was summoned to Parliament10,2 
Event-Misc16 July 1377 did homage to Richard II at his coronation10 
Event-Misc6 June 1380 pardoned for failing to appear to answer John Sewal, citizen and mercer of London, touching a debt of £300.10 
Event-Miscbetween 1381 and 1382 Portugal, accompanied Edmund of York on his expedition to Portugal7 
Event-Miscbetween 1381 and 1382 Higuera la Real, Badajoz, Portugal, accompanied Edmund of Langley, Earl of Cambridge on his expedition to Portual, taking part in the capture of Higuera la Real.10 
Event-Misc7 July 1381 Hereford, England, was commissioner for hereford at the time of the Peasants' Revolt with duties to array the lieges against the insurgents10 
Event-Misc13 June 1385 Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumbria, England, summoned to be present 14 Jul for service against the Scots10 
Event-MiscJuly 1386 Spain, was with John of Gaunt on his expedition to Spain. Present at the capture of Vigo and the affair at Noya, and accompanied the Duchess Constance to visit the King of Portugal at Oporto.7,10 
Title* 3rd Lord Talbot2 

Family

Pernel Butler d. 1368
Children

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  2. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 10.
  3. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 95-31.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 141-6.
  5. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 7.
  6. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-31.
  7. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 9.
  8. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 614.
  9. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-31.
  10. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 615.
  11. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 616.

Pernel Butler1,2

F, #1607, d. 1368

Father*Sir James Butler K.B.3,4,5 b. 1305, d. 6 Jan 1337/38
Mother*Eleanor de Bohun6,4,5 d. 7 Oct 1363
Pernel Butler|d. 1368|p54.htm#i1607|Sir James Butler K.B.|b. 1305\nd. 6 Jan 1337/38|p54.htm#i1609|Eleanor de Bohun|d. 7 Oct 1363|p54.htm#i1608|Sir Edmund Butler Knt.|b. c 1282\nd. 13 Sep 1321|p70.htm#i2081|Joan FitzJohn||p54.htm#i1610|Sir Humphrey V. de Bohun|b. 1276\nd. 16 Mar 1322|p54.htm#i1612|Elizabeth Plantagenet|b. 7 Aug 1282\nd. 5 May 1316|p54.htm#i1613|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*before 8 September 1352 1st=Sir Gilbert Talbot7,8,1,2,9 
Death*1368 6,1,9,2 
Name Variation Petronilla le Boteler 
Event-Misc1363 She was a legatee in the will of her mother10 
Living*28 May 1365 6,1,9,2 

Family

Sir Gilbert Talbot b. c 1332, d. 24 Apr 1387
Children

Last Edited7 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 9.
  2. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 10.
  3. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 26-7.
  5. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 10.
  6. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-31.
  7. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-31.
  8. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 141-6.
  9. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 615.
  10. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 7.
  11. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-32.
  12. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 616.

Eleanor de Bohun

F, #1608, d. 7 October 1363

 

Father*Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun1,2,3 b. 1276, d. 16 Mar 1322
Mother*Elizabeth Plantagenet2,3 b. 7 Aug 1282, d. 5 May 1316
Eleanor de Bohun|d. 7 Oct 1363|p54.htm#i1608|Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun|b. 1276\nd. 16 Mar 1322|p54.htm#i1612|Elizabeth Plantagenet|b. 7 Aug 1282\nd. 5 May 1316|p54.htm#i1613|Sir Humphrey V. de Bohun|b. Sep 1248\nd. 31 Dec 1298|p70.htm#i2084|Maud de Fiennes|b. c 1254\nd. b 31 Dec 1298|p70.htm#i2085|Edward I. "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England|b. 17 or 18 Jun 1239\nd. 7 Jul 1307|p54.htm#i1614|Eleanor of Castile|b. 1240\nd. 28 Nov 1290|p54.htm#i1615|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*1327 Groom=Sir James Butler K.B.1,2,4,5,6 
Marriage*before 20 April 1344 Chapel of the Manor of Vachery, Surrey, England, Groom=Sir Thomas Dagworth Knt. M.P.4,7 
Death*7 October 1363 8,2,4 
Married Name Butler 

Family 1

Sir Thomas Dagworth Knt. M.P. d. bt Jul 1350 - Aug 1350
Child

Family 2

Sir James Butler K.B. b. 1305, d. 6 Jan 1337/38
Children

Last Edited6 Feb 2005

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-30.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 24-6.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 8.
  4. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 10.
  5. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 9.
  6. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, X - 117.
  7. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 32.
  8. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-12.
  9. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, FitzWalter 8.
  10. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-31.
  11. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 26-7.
  12. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7-31.
  13. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 9.

Sir James Butler K.B.1,2

M, #1609, b. 1305, d. 6 January 1337/38

 

Father*Sir Edmund Butler Knt.1,5,3,2,4 b. c 1282, d. 13 Sep 1321
Mother*Joan FitzJohn3,2,4
Sir James Butler K.B.|b. 1305\nd. 6 Jan 1337/38|p54.htm#i1609|Sir Edmund Butler Knt.|b. c 1282\nd. 13 Sep 1321|p70.htm#i2081|Joan FitzJohn||p54.htm#i1610|Theobald Butler|b. 1242\nd. 26 Sep 1285|p70.htm#i2080|Joan FitzJohn|d. bt 25 Feb 1303 - 26 May 1303|p70.htm#i2083|Sir John FitzThomas FitzGerald Knt.|b. bt 1260 - 1270\nd. 12 Sep 1316|p70.htm#i2082|Blanche Roche|d. a Feb 1329/30|p92.htm#i2737|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Of Knocktopher, co. Kilkenney, Turvy, co. Dublin, Nenagh and Thurles, co. Tipperary, Aylesbury, Great Linford, and Totherfield Peppard, Buckinghamire, Sopley, Hampshire, La Vacherie (in Cranley) and Shere, Surrey, Weeton, Lancashire6 
Birth*1305 7,5,8 
Marriage*1327 1st=Eleanor de Bohun9,5,3,2,8 
Death*6 January 1337/38 1,10,5,3,2,11 
Burial* Gowran, Tipperary, Ireland3,2,12 
DNB* Butler, James, first earl of Ormond (c.1305-1338), magnate, was the eldest surviving son of Edmund Butler (d. 1321) and his wife, Joan, daughter of John fitz Thomas Fitzgerald (d. 1316), who was created earl of Kildare in 1316. He married in 1328 Eleanor de Bohun (d. 1363), daughter of Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, earl of Hereford (d. 1322), and granddaughter of Edward I, an alliance that augmented the Butlers' English properties. James's name may reflect his father's devotion to Santiago de Compostela, for in 1320 Edmund, his wife, and son were released from a vow to visit the shrine of St James. James, who was in Ireland when Edmund died at London, was summoned to England and by February 1323 was a yeoman (valettus) in Edward II's household. In 1325 the king granted him his lands and marriage before he was of full age and the court speeded his return to Ireland where his lordships in Munster and Leinster were threatened by Irish raids. The first steps of his career were thus taken during the ascendancy of the Despensers, who established links with several leading Anglo-Irish families. Their fall in 1326 left Ireland unstable and the new rulers of England uncertain of the allegiance of the magnates. James Butler was drawn into regional feuds and was among those who received reprimands from England between December 1326 and June 1328. At that point, however, his father's close relations with Roger Mortimer (Edmund had been justiciar of Ireland during Mortimer's lieutenancy in 1317–18 and they had negotiated a marriage alliance in 1321), and the search for stability in Ireland on the part of the Mortimer regime, worked to his advantage. At the Salisbury parliament in October 1328, where Mortimer became earl of March, James Butler was created earl of Ormond and given a life-grant of the liberty of Tipperary, which in the event his descendants were to hold until 1716. At the same time his marriage to Edward III's cousin drew him towards the apex of aristocratic society.

The new earl's career was often dominated by campaigns against the native Irish who threatened his lands in Tipperary and south Leinster. In 1329, for instance, he burnt the territory of the Ó Nualláin family in Carlow in revenge for the capture of his brother; and in 1336 he made a compact with the Ó Ceinnéidigh family of north Tipperary, in which they agreed to provide rent and military service, while Ormond accepted arrangements for mutual compensation between the Irish and the English settlers. His role in Irish marcher society was compatible with a career on a wider stage and could indeed be used to advertise his indispensability. The fall of Mortimer in 1330, and the resumption of grants made under his influence, rendered Ormond's gains of 1328 vulnerable. Faced by the strong methods of the justiciar, Anthony Lucy, the earl crossed to England and spent part of 1332 at his town of Aylesbury, subjecting Edward III to petitions in which he stressed his military services in Ireland, his relationship to the royal house, and the antiquity of his family and its possession of the butlerage of Ireland since the time of King John. As well as protecting his threatened endowments, he obtained financial rewards. His relations with Edward were further advanced when he led a retinue of 318 men from Ireland to the Scottish campaign of 1335.

Ormond died on 16 or 18 February 1338 at Gowran, Kilkenny, before his intention to endow a Franciscan house at Carrick-on-Suir in Tipperary was carried through. The Kilkenny chronicler, Friar John Clyn, an admirer of the Butler family, lamented his death: he was ‘a generous and amiable man, elegant and courteous; in the bloom of youth the flower withered’ (Annals of Ireland, ed. Butler, 28). Ormond was buried with his father at Gowran. Inquisitions taken at his death show that, besides his Irish lordships, he had property in ten English counties, all held jointly with his wife, who by 1344 had married Sir Thomas Dagworth. The earl was succeeded by his surviving son, James Butler, who was granted his lands in 1347 while still under age.

Robin Frame
Sources

Chancery records · PRO · E. Curtis, ed., Calendar of Ormond deeds, IMC, 1: 1172–1350 (1932) · C. A. Empey, ‘The Butler lordship’, Journal of the Butler Society, 1 (1970–71), 174–87 · R. Frame, English lordship in Ireland, 1318–1361 (1982) · The annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn and Thady Dowling: together with the annals of Ross, ed. R. Butler, Irish Archaeological Society (1849) · J. T. Gilbert, ed., Chartularies of St Mary's Abbey, Dublin: with the register of its house at Dunbrody and annals of Ireland, 2, Rolls Series, 80 (1884) · CEPR letters, 2.196; 3.263–4 · G. O. Sayles, ed., Documents on the affairs of Ireland before the king's council, IMC (1979) · RotP · CIPM, 8, no. 184
Archives

NL Ire., deeds


© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice      Oxford University Press


Robin Frame, ‘Butler, James, first earl of Ormond (c.1305-1338)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50021, accessed 23 Sept 2005]

James Butler (c.1305-1338): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5002113 
Name Variation le Boteler6 
Name Variation le Botiller14 
Event-Misc1317 Dublin, Ireland, held hostage for his father in Dublin Castle3,2 
Event-Misc1321 He was a legatee in his father's will6 
Event-Misc2 December 1325 He was given license to marry whom he would, and although under age, Edward II took his homage.12 
Protection*1326 to Ireland6 
Knighted*1326 as a Knight of the Bath8 
Event-Misc*2 November 1328 Created Earl of Ormond7,3,2,4 
Title* Chief Butler of Ireland, Lieutenant of Ireland3,2 

Family

Eleanor de Bohun d. 7 Oct 1363
Children

Last Edited23 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  2. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 9.
  3. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 10.
  4. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, II - 450.
  5. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 24-6.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 6.
  7. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7-30.
  8. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, X - 117.
  9. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-30.
  10. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 73-32.
  11. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 48.
  12. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 49.
  13. [S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
  14. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, FitzWalter 8.
  15. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 26-7.
  16. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, X - 119.
  17. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 24-7.

Joan FitzJohn1

F, #1610

Father*Sir John FitzThomas FitzGerald Knt.1,2,3,4,5 b. bt 1260 - 1270, d. 12 Sep 1316
Mother*Blanche Roche6,5 d. a Feb 1329/30
Joan FitzJohn||p54.htm#i1610|Sir John FitzThomas FitzGerald Knt.|b. bt 1260 - 1270\nd. 12 Sep 1316|p70.htm#i2082|Blanche Roche|d. a Feb 1329/30|p92.htm#i2737|Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald|d. 1271|p365.htm#i10930|Rohesia de St. Michael||p493.htm#i14774|John Roche of Fermoy||p92.htm#i2738||||

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*1302 Principal=Sir Edmund Butler Knt.1,6,3,4,5 
Deathbefore 2 May 1320 7 

Family

Sir Edmund Butler Knt. b. c 1282, d. 13 Sep 1321
Child

Last Edited6 Feb 2005

Citations

  1. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 178A-7.
  3. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 10.
  4. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 9.
  5. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, II - 450.
  6. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 73-31.
  7. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 48.

Sir James Butler Earl of Ormond1

M, #1611, b. 4 October 1331, d. circa November 1382

 

Father*Sir James Butler K.B.2 b. 1305, d. 6 Jan 1337/38
Mother*Eleanor de Bohun3,4 d. 7 Oct 1363
Sir James Butler Earl of Ormond|b. 4 Oct 1331\nd. c Nov 1382|p54.htm#i1611|Sir James Butler K.B.|b. 1305\nd. 6 Jan 1337/38|p54.htm#i1609|Eleanor de Bohun|d. 7 Oct 1363|p54.htm#i1608|Sir Edmund Butler Knt.|b. c 1282\nd. 13 Sep 1321|p70.htm#i2081|Joan FitzJohn||p54.htm#i1610|Sir Humphrey V. de Bohun|b. 1276\nd. 16 Mar 1322|p54.htm#i1612|Elizabeth Plantagenet|b. 7 Aug 1282\nd. 5 May 1316|p54.htm#i1613|

Birth*4 October 1331 Kilkenny, Ireland3,2,4 
Marriage*13 May 1346 Principal=Ann Darcy3,2,4 
Death*circa November 1382 3,2,4 

Last Edited2 Aug 2004

Citations

  1. [S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, X - 119.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 24-7.
  3. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7-31.
  4. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Butler 9.

Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun1

M, #1612, b. 1276, d. 16 March 1322

 

Father*Sir Humphrey VII de Bohun2,3,4,5 b. Sep 1248, d. 31 Dec 1298
Mother*Maud de Fiennes2,3,4,5,6 b. c 1254, d. b 31 Dec 1298
Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun|b. 1276\nd. 16 Mar 1322|p54.htm#i1612|Sir Humphrey VII de Bohun|b. Sep 1248\nd. 31 Dec 1298|p70.htm#i2084|Maud de Fiennes|b. c 1254\nd. b 31 Dec 1298|p70.htm#i2085|Sir Humphrey V. de Bohun|d. 27 Oct 1265|p70.htm#i2087|Eleanor de Braiose|d. b 1264|p92.htm#i2743|Sir Enguerrand de Fiennes|d. 1265|p70.htm#i2086|Isabel de Condé|b. c 1210|p231.htm#i6907|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*1276 7,5 
Marriage*14 November 1302 Westminster, Middlesex, England, by papal dispensation, Principal=Elizabeth Plantagenet7,2,8,9,5,1 
Death*16 March 1322 Battle of Boroughbridge, Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England, slain at Boroughbridge fighting against the King.7,2,10,8,5,11 
Burial* Church of the Friars Preachers, York, Yorkshire, England5 
Feudal* Kington, Herefordshire, Pleshy, Debden, Fobbing, Saffron Walden, Shenfield, Essex, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, Enfield, Middlesex, Brecknock and Hay, Breconshire, Caldicott, Monmouthshire12 
Occupation Lord High Constable of England10 
Event-Misc22 July 1298 Battle of Falkirk, Falkirk, Scotland, See Battle of Falkirk.
1 
(English) Battle-Falkirk22 July 1298 Principal=Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England13,14,15 
Event-Misc*1 July 1300 Carlaverock Castle, Scotland, present at the seige of Carlaverock. "A rich and elegant young man." A poem commemorates the battle.5,1,11 
Event-Misc1301 He signed the barons' letter to Pope Boniface as Com' Hereford et Essex & Constab' Angl'.12 
Event-Misc*1303 Enfield, Essex, They were granted market and fair, Principal=Elizabeth Plantagenet12 
Event-Misc1306 He was granted the castle of Lochmaben and lordship of Annandale12 
Event-Misc18 October 1306 He had his lands confiscated for desertion in Scotland11 
Event-Misc28 February 1308 He bore the sceptre at the Coronation of Edward II11 
Event-Misc1310 He was sworn as one of the Lords Ordainers to reform the government and the King's household.12 
Event-Misc1312 Scarborough, He was one of the Barons who besieged and captured Piers de Gaveston, favorite of Edward II12 
Event-MiscOctober 1313 He was pardoned re Gaveston12 
Note*24 June 1314 Battle of Bannockburn, fought at Bannockburn . He and the Earl of Gloucester wer in dispute as to whom would take precedence in the battle line; when the Earl of Gloucester dashed forward, his horse fell and he was killed. After the English were defeatred, Hereford retreated to bothwell, where Gov. Sir Walter Gilbertson gave him up to the Scots, who later exchanged him for Elizabeth de Burgh, wife of Robert the Bruce and the Bishop of St. Andrews2,5,11,16 
Event-Misc11 February 1315/16 He was captain of the forces against Llywelyn Bren ap Rhys in Glamorgan, Wales16 
Will*11 August 1318 5 
Event-Misc8 November 1318 He was on a diplomatic mission to the Counts of Flanders, hainault, Holland, and Zealand16 
Event-Miscbetween May 1321 and June 1321 Humphrey ravaged the lands of Hugh le Despenser the Younger, Witness=Sir Hugh le Despenser16 
(Rebel) Battle-Boroughbridge16 March 1321/22 Principal=Edward II Plantagenet, Principal=Sir Thomas of Lancaster17,18,16 
HTML* 
History of the Bown Surname
 
Arms* Azure with a bend of silver and cotises of gold between six golden lioncels1
Arms Az. A bend arg., cottised or, bet. 6 lioncels or. A label gu. (Carlaverock).19 

Family

Elizabeth Plantagenet b. 7 Aug 1282, d. 5 May 1316
Children

Last Edited14 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 8.
  2. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  3. [S232] Don Charles Stone, Ancient and Medieval Descents, 21-12.
  4. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 18-4.
  5. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 12.
  6. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 7.
  7. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 6-29.
  8. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 18-5.
  9. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  10. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 96-31.
  11. [S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 108.
  12. [S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Bohun 5.
  13. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 5.
  14. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 125.
  15. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 35.
  16. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 31.
  17. [S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 114.
  18. [S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 3.
  19. [S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 107.
  20. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-30.
  21. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 24-6.
  22. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 15-30.
  23. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 11.
  24. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 6-30.

Elizabeth Plantagenet

F, #1613, b. 7 August 1282, d. 5 May 1316

Father*Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England1,2,3 b. 17 or 18 Jun 1239, d. 7 Jul 1307
Mother*Eleanor of Castile1,4,3 b. 1240, d. 28 Nov 1290
Elizabeth Plantagenet|b. 7 Aug 1282\nd. 5 May 1316|p54.htm#i1613|Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England|b. 17 or 18 Jun 1239\nd. 7 Jul 1307|p54.htm#i1614|Eleanor of Castile|b. 1240\nd. 28 Nov 1290|p54.htm#i1615|Henry I. Plantagenet King of England|b. 1 Oct 1207\nd. 16 Nov 1272|p54.htm#i1618|Eleanor of Provence|b. 1217\nd. 24 Jun 1291|p54.htm#i1619|Fernando I. of Castile "the Saint"|b. bt 5 Aug 1201 - 19 Aug 1201\nd. 30 May 1252|p95.htm#i2832|Joan de Dammartin|b. c 1218\nd. 16 Mar 1279|p95.htm#i2833|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*7 August 1282 Rhudlan Castle, Caernavon, Wales1,2,5,6,3 
Marriage*7 January 1297 Ipswich, England, Principal=Graf Johann von Holland6,3 
Marriage*14 November 1302 Westminster, Middlesex, England, by papal dispensation, Principal=Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun1,7,5,2,6,3 
Death*5 May 1316 Quendon, Essex, England1,7,2,5,8 
Burial* Walden Abbey, Essex, England2,6,8 
Event-Misc*1303 Enfield, Essex, They were granted market and fair, Principal=Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun8 

Family

Sir Humphrey VIII de Bohun b. 1276, d. 16 Mar 1322
Children

Last Edited14 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 6-29.
  2. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  3. [S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 8.
  4. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 14.
  5. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 18-5.
  6. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 12.
  7. [S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 39.
  8. [S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Bohun 5.
  9. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 24-6.
  10. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 31.
  11. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 18-6.
  12. [S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 11.
  13. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 13-30.

Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England1

M, #1614, b. 17 or 18 Jun 1239, d. 7 July 1307

 
 

Father*Henry III Plantagenet King of England b. 1 Oct 1207, d. 16 Nov 1272; son and heir2,3,4,5
Mother*Eleanor of Provence b. 1217, d. 24 Jun 1291; son and heir6,3,7,5
Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England|b. 17 or 18 Jun 1239\nd. 7 Jul 1307|p54.htm#i1614|Henry III Plantagenet King of England|b. 1 Oct 1207\nd. 16 Nov 1272|p54.htm#i1618|Eleanor of Provence|b. 1217\nd. 24 Jun 1291|p54.htm#i1619|John Lackland|b. 27 Dec 1166\nd. 19 Oct 1216|p54.htm#i1620|Isabella of Angoulême|b. 1188\nd. 31 May 1246|p55.htm#i1621|Raymond V. Berenger|b. 1198\nd. 19 Aug 1245|p94.htm#i2797|Beatrice of Savoy|b. 1198\nd. Dec 1266|p94.htm#i2798|

ChartsAnn Marbury Pedigree

Birth*17 or 18 Jun 1239 Westminster, London, England, 17 or 18 Jun 12392,8,9 
Marriage*18 October 1254 Monastery of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain, Bride=Eleanor of Castile2,10,8,4,9 
Marriage*8 September 1299 Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England, by dispensation dated 1 Jul 1298, they being related in the 2nd and 3rd degrees), Principal=Marguerite Of France2,10,8,4,9 
Death*7 July 1307 Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland, England, 7 or 8 Jul 13072,10,8,9 
Burial*28 October 1307 Westminster Abbey, Westminster, England10 
Dickens* 11
Hume* 12
DNB* Edward I (1239-1307), king of England and lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitaine, was born at Westminster on the night of 17–18 June 1239, the eldest son of Henry III (1207-1272) and Eleanor of Provence (c.1223-1291).
Childhood and youth, 1239–1258
Widespread delight at the news of Edward's birth was tempered when the king made it known that he expected gifts from his subjects. ‘God gave us this child, but the king is selling him to us’ was one comment (Prestwich, Edward I, 4). The name Edward was chosen by the king, who was devoted to the cult of Edward the Confessor. The boy was soon given his own household, and provided with companions, of whom the most notable was his cousin Henry of Almain (d. 1271), son of Richard, earl of Cornwall (1209–1272). Letters from the king demonstrate a fatherly concern: in 1242 he expressed worry that Edward and the other children had no good wine to drink, and the sheriff of Gloucester was ordered to send him a regular supply of lampreys. Hugh Giffard was the first to be given charge of the young Edward; in 1246 Bartholomew Pecche took his place. There were serious concerns about the boy's health in 1246, 1247, and 1251, but he grew up to be strong and healthy. Little is known of his education, but by seventeen he was skilled enough in arms to take part in a tournament at Blythe. As heir to the throne he was known simply as ‘Dominus Edwardus’, the Lord Edward. There was no question of his being crowned king during his father's lifetime, in the way that Henry II had his eldest son elevated to kingly status in 1170.

In 1254 alarm at the possibility of a Castilian invasion of Gascony led to the plan for Edward's marriage to Eleanor of Castile (1241-1290). Alfonso X was anxious that his son-in-law should receive a substantial endowment of land, and Edward, who was given Gascony, Ireland, the earldom of Chester, major estates in Wales, Bristol, Stamford, and Grantham, gained some measure of independence. Yet it was not until 1256 that orders were given for Edward's seal to replace Henry's in Ireland, and even then the king occasionally countermanded his son's orders. There were more significant disagreements between the king and Edward over policy in Gascony, the former following a policy of reconciliation, the latter giving his firm backing to one faction in Bordeaux, the Soler family. In Wales policies of Anglicization pursued by Edward's officials, notably Geoffrey Langley, provoked rebellion in 1256, and an ineffective royal campaign in the north of the country in the following year. At this period Edward's income was probably in the region of £6000 a year; that this was insufficient is indicated by his sale of the wardship of Robert Ferrers for 6000 marks, and a loan he obtained from the archbishop of Canterbury of £1000.

Politically, from 1254 until 1257, Edward was under the influence of the powerful court faction of the Savoyards, relatives of his mother, Eleanor of Provence, of whom the most notable was Peter of Savoy. In 1258, however, he linked his cause to that of the Lusignans, the Poitevin half-brothers of the king. Stamford and Grantham were handed over to one of them, William de Valence, in return for a loan. Edward planned to make Geoffrey de Lusignan seneschal of Gascony, and his brother Guy keeper of Oléron and the Channel Islands. Given the extreme unpopularity of the Lusignans, this was a dangerous line for Edward to take, and it is not surprising that the veteran chronicler Matthew Paris viewed the prospect of his succeeding one day to the throne with no enthusiasm at all.
The baronial reform movement, 1258–1264
Edward's role in the difficult period of baronial reform and rebellion was understandably ambivalent, for the man who emerged as the most formidable opposition leader was his uncle by marriage, Simon de Montfort. When the crisis first erupted in 1258 Edward initially, with considerable reluctance, swore to accept what should be decided. When a reform scheme was drawn up at the Oxford parliament in May 1258, Edward made his attitude very plain, by giving public support to the Lusignans. Four councillors, John de Balliol, Roger de Mohaut, John de Grey, and Stephen Longespée, were then appointed to curb Edward, the first two being baronial supporters, the latter experienced officials who had served him previously. As the success of the reformers became increasingly apparent, so Edward's attitude softened. He began to build up a new following, which included his cousin Henry of Almain, John, Earl Warenne (d. 1304), Roger Clifford, Roger Leyburn, Hamon L'Estrange, and others, men who were to play very significant roles later in Edward's career. In March 1259 Edward entered into a formal alliance with Richard de Clare, earl of Gloucester, one of the leading reformers. One possible reason for this is that Edward was anxious to have the support of at least one of those about to negotiate peace terms with the French, for it was important that his interests in Gascony should be safeguarded. In October 1259 an appeal was made directly to Edward and Gloucester by a body calling itself the ‘community of the bachelors of England’. The complaint was that the king had done all he had been asked to do, while the baronial reformers had not acted. Edward's response was that he had been initially reluctant to swear to the oath demanded of him at Oxford, but that he was now ready to stand by it. He was ready, indeed, to die in the cause of the community of the realm. Various interpretations of this incident have been proposed, but it seems likely that Edward was indeed enthusiastic about the cause of reform. On 15 October he issued letters announcing that he had sworn to do all in his power to support Simon de Montfort, and that he was committed to support the baronial enterprise. Montfort, it should be noted, had quarrelled with Gloucester, and was the man most likely to carry influence in the negotiations with the French. Edward may have been motivated by idealistic concepts, but there was hard political sense to his alignments in this difficult period.

From November 1259 until April 1260 Henry III was in France for the peace negotiations. Edward used his father's absence to make a bid for independence, and Henry at least was persuaded that his son was plotting to depose him. Edward was certainly in dispute with the earl of Gloucester. On the king's return to England Henry initially refused to see Edward, but reconciliation was achieved by the earl of Cornwall and the archbishop of Canterbury. Edward and Gloucester's dispute was to be settled by arbitration. Roger Leyburn and Roger Clifford were removed from the respective commands of Bristol and the ‘Three Castles’ (Grosmont, Skenfrith, and Whitecastle) in south Wales to which Edward had appointed them. Edward himself was sent abroad, to take part in tournaments, but returned briefly in the autumn after allegedly failing to distinguish himself. In November he went back to France, and made common cause once more with the Lusignans.

When Edward arrived in England again, in the spring of 1261, it seems probable that he once more briefly changed sides, uniting with Montfort and Gloucester. If so, he was soon brought back to his father's cause, and in July went to Gascony, where he achieved some success in bringing order to an unruly province. Early in 1262 he came back to England, to face a crisis in his own private affairs. Roger Leyburn was accused and found guilty of misappropriating Edward's funds, a move that alienated Edward from the group of young English magnates, headed by Henry of Almain, Earl Warenne, and Roger Clifford, who had provided him with significant backing. To prevent further financial mismanagement Edward handed the bulk of his lands over to his father, receiving in exchange the receipts of the English Jewry for a three-year period. Once again Edward, presumably in some disgrace, was sent away to amuse himself in tournaments in France, and returned to England early in 1263.

A fresh problem faced Edward in the spring of 1263. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd had taken advantage of the confused political situation in England to extend his power in Wales and the marches. Edward led a campaign against him in April and May, but although he had the support of Llywelyn's brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd, the expedition achieved little. In England Henry III's situation deteriorated; Simon de Montfort had left England in 1261, but returned in the spring of 1263, determined to re-establish the baronial reform movement. The death of the earl of Gloucester in 1262 made it easier for him to assert his dominance. Edward was by now staunchly royalist. He went to Bristol, where the conduct of his men caused the townspeople to besiege him in the castle. Only when the bishop of Worcester organized a truce could he escape. Provocatively, he garrisoned Windsor Castle with foreign mercenary knights. Lack of money was a major problem, which he remedied in part by the forcible seizure of funds deposited for safe keeping in the New Temple in London. On 16 July Henry III accepted the baronial terms, but Edward continued to resist. In August he re-established links with his former supporters, notably Henry of Almain, Earl Warenne, and Roger Leyburn, and abandoned his unpopular use of foreign mercenaries. Attempts to reach a settlement in parliament in October failed, and Edward withdrew, seizing Windsor Castle, which his men had surrendered earlier. Lengthy negotiations eventually produced agreement that the dispute between the king and his opponents should be settled by the arbitration of the French king, Louis IX. Edward went with his father to Amiens for the discussions, which in January 1264 predictably yielded a firm justification for the royalist position.
The civil war, 1264–1267
The mise of Amiens was the prelude not to peace, but to civil war. The initial outbreak was in the Welsh marches. At Gloucester Edward displayed his lack of good faith; he forced an entry to the town, but when a relieving force under Robert Ferrers, earl of Derby, appeared, he agreed to a truce. Once Ferrers had departed, Edward ignored the terms of the agreement, and pillaged the town. In April the conflict moved to Northampton, where Edward played a leading role in the assault on the town where Montfort's son Simon had gathered baronial forces. Edward then pursued his quarrel with Ferrers, capturing Tutbury Castle and ravaging the earl's lands. Despite the scale of royalist success, London remained staunchly baronial, and a royal campaign to secure the south-east was countered by the Montfortian forces when they advanced on the royalists encamped at Lewes. Battle was joined on 14 May 1264. Edward, in command of the cavalry on the right, charged the Londoners to great effect, routing them. Unfortunately he did not control his troops effectively, and by the time he had regrouped them after a lengthy pursuit, the main battle was lost. Following negotiations during the night Edward and his cousin Henry of Almain gave themselves up as hostages, not to be released until a final settlement was achieved.

Edward's imprisonment lasted until March 1265. He then agreed to accept the scheme of government introduced by Montfort, and handed over Bristol as a pledge that he would keep his word. Five royal castles were to be transferred to Edward, who would then entrust them to Montfort for five years as a further guarantee. Nor was he fully free; close surveillance was the order of the day. At the end of May he went riding with his escort, and succeeded in making his escape, fleeing from Hereford to Roger Mortimer's castle of Wigmore. He joined forces with the young earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare (d. 1295), who had quarrelled with Simon de Montfort earlier in the year. Men soon flocked to Edward's standard; there was growing alarm at the increasingly autocratic attitude taken by Montfort. The marcher lords were quick to make common cause with Edward, and Earl Warenne and William de Valence rapidly joined him. Worcester fell without a fight, and the Gloucester garrison soon surrendered. Simon de Montfort looked to Llywelyn of Wales for support, and made a formal alliance with him on 19 June. By breaking the bridges across the Severn the royalists cut Montfort off from potential support. Meanwhile the younger Simon de Montfort marched north from his siege of Pevensey to Kenilworth, where he was surprised by Edward's troops who had made a swift night march from Worcester. The elder Montfort marched to Evesham, hoping to join forces with his son. On 4 August battle was joined. Montfort was completely outmanoeuvred before the battle, and the defensive formation of his troops was not strong enough to resist Edward's and Gloucester's men. Montfort and his eldest son, Henry, were killed, along with many of their supporters. The campaign had been a triumph for Edward, though how far he had personally masterminded it is not apparent from the sources.

The battle of Evesham did not mark the conclusion of the civil war. The political mood of the victors was not one of reconciliation, and late in the year Edward campaigned against the younger Simon de Montfort and other rebels who had taken refuge in the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire, coming to terms with them at Christmas 1265. A campaign together with Roger Leyburn against the Cinque Ports followed, with success achieved by 25 March. A mopping-up operation in Hampshire saw Edward engage a notable rebel knight, Adam Gurdun, in single combat. The romantic story was that Edward was so impressed with Gurdun's courage that he gave him his lands back, and regarded him with great favour. The reality was that he was given to the queen as a prisoner, and made to buy his lands back at a heavy price.

The major military operation against the rebels was the siege of Kenilworth, though it was not until May 1266 that Edward himself joined the royalist forces engaged in a complex and expensive operation there. Nor does it appear that he played any significant part in the negotiations that led to the promulgation of the dictum of Kenilworth at the end of October. This set out the principles by which former rebels were allowed to repurchase their lands, and was not enough to persuade the Kenilworth garrison to surrender; they held out, cold and hungry, until mid-December. Edward, meanwhile, had gone north to deal with John de Vescy, who had rebelled in protest at the policy of confiscation of lands adopted by the royalists. He had to pay 3700 marks to redeem his lands, but bore Edward no ill will, and became in time one of his most loyal associates. The one remaining problem was the continued resistance of John d'Eyville, which became acute in April 1267 when the earl of Gloucester joined forces with him and marched on London. Gloucester, who had done so much to secure Edward's success in 1265, had received little recognition for his services, and there was a real danger that civil war would break out again on a big scale. Negotiations, however, were successful, and Gloucester left London. The government adopted a more conciliatory line toward the former rebels, and Edward reduced the final rebel redoubt in the Isle of Ely with little difficulty. The summer was dry, making it easy to advance through the fens, and on 11 July the rebels surrendered.
The settlement of England, 1267–1270
Important steps were taken in the autumn of 1267 to secure the royalist position. On 29 September the treaty of Montgomery was agreed with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. The English recognized him as prince of Wales, and as the feudal lord of all other Welsh princes with the sole exception of Maredudd ap Rhys of Ystrad Tywi, who owed homage directly to Henry III. The lands of the Four Cantrefs in the north were conceded to Llywelyn. Edward had earlier handed over important interests in Wales to his brother Edmund (1245-1296), to whom he granted Cardigan and Carmarthen in 1265. Edward therefore had largely abandoned his interests in Wales; although he gave his consent to the treaty of Montgomery, it is hard to imagine that he did so very willingly. In November 1267 the Statute of Marlborough was issued. This lengthy series of legal measures continued in many respects the work of legislative reform begun by the king's opponents in 1259, and in many ways it anticipated the legal reforms of Edward's reign, though it is not clear that he took any part in the debates which must have taken place about the measures.

It is, indeed, difficult to determine what Edward's role was in the years following the pacification of England. In some respects his behaviour did not seem statesmanlike. His relations with the earl of Gloucester remained stormy; the two men were in dispute over the ownership of Bristol, while decisions Edward made in 1269 when hearing disputes between the marcher lords and Llywelyn of Wales antagonized the earl. In 1269 he was involved in the harsh treatment of his former ward Robert Ferrers, earl of Derby. Ferrers was forced to acknowledge a huge debt of £50,000 to Edward's brother Edmund, in return for his release from captivity. Inevitably, the money could not be found, and Edmund acquired the bulk of Ferrers's estates. Edward undoubtedly took a leading part in the discussions in the royal council, but the only measures that can be clearly associated with him were one for the holding of tournaments, and another dealing with debts owed to Jewish moneylenders. He received some major grants, which gave him the custody of London, seven royal castles, and eight counties, but this was presumably in order to pay off the debts he must have incurred in his military operations, rather than as a means of giving him added political authority. The evidence does not suggest that he played a dominant political role in all areas. Until 1268 the papal legate Ottobuono had played a leading role in the affairs of state, and after that Edward's concerns were increasingly directed towards his planned crusade.

Edward had a hard political apprenticeship. He had found it difficult to balance the various pressures that were placed upon him, and it is not surprising that he gained a reputation for unreliability as a result of his various changes of side since 1258. One contemporary saw him as on the one hand a leo, a brave lion, proud and fierce; and on the other as a pard, a leopard, inconsistent and unreliable, a man who made promises when in difficulties and then broke them when it suited him. The ambivalence in his character was very clear in this period of his life; such traits may have been less obvious later, but they did not leave him.
Edward on crusade, 1270–1274
The papal legate Ottobuono was ordered to preach the crusade in the autumn of 1266, as part of a campaign throughout Europe. Louis IX decided to participate, and took the cross with his sons in March 1267. There was little initial support in England, and this was not to be a movement buoyed up by popular enthusiasm. The important step was taken in 1268 at Northampton, when Edward, his brother Edmund, Henry of Almain, Earl Warenne, the earl of Gloucester, William de Valence, and others agreed to go on crusade. It is not obvious why Edward himself took the cross. His father had done so in 1250, and in 1268 Henry III probably still hoped to go to the East. Should he not do so, it was his second son Edmund, not Edward, who was seen by the pope as an acceptable substitute. The papal view was that the situation in England demanded Edward's presence there. Edward, however, was undoubtedly enthusiastic about the crusading cause, and perhaps welcomed the opportunity to leave England and its problems. He may also have felt honour-bound to go: if the king of France's sons were setting out for the East, so should the king of England's.

The core of Edward's expedition was provided by his own household. In July 1270 contracts were made with eighteen men to provide a total of 225 knights. The force was largely composed of men who had fought on the royalist side in the civil war; only for a few former rebels did the crusade provide a means of gaining royal favour. The earl of Gloucester was one opponent of Edward who did take the cross, but he became increasingly reluctant to go. Richard of Cornwall had to negotiate an agreement between him and Edward at the Easter parliament in 1270, which provided that the earl should follow Edward to the East within six months. In the event he did not do so, Welsh attacks on his lands providing him with an excuse. The expedition that set off in the summer of 1270 was, by any standards, a small one. Recruitment for the crusade had not been easy, nor was its financing. Louis IX provided a loan of about £17,500 in 1269, while lengthy discussions in a series of parliaments eventually led to the grant of a tax of a twentieth in 1270.

Edward's forces arrived at the crusading port of Aigues-Mortes on the southern French coast at the end of September 1270, long after the main expedition had departed for Tunis. When Edward's small fleet reached Tunis, it was to discover that the French king had died of dysentery in August, and that his successor was also stricken. Charles of Anjou had entered into negotiations with the Tunisian emir, and reached agreement on 1 November. An indignant Edward had to accept the decision of the crusade leaders to sail for Sicily, with the intention of going on to the East in the spring. He was the only one to stick to the plan, sailing from Sicily early in May 1271, and revictualling his troops in Cyprus. On 9 May he landed at Acre. English sources suggest that had he not arrived, the port would have been lost to the mameluke leader, Baibars, but Arab sources do not suggest that Baibars intended any major assault. When Baibars rode up to the walls, Edward was in no position to take any action against his vastly superior forces. Late in June the English force finally made a sortie, to St Georges-de-Lebeyne, about 15 miles from Acre. Heat and food poisoning took their toll of the troops, and little was achieved. In November a further raid took place under Edward's command, this time with the support of a good many local nobles and members of the military orders. Qaqun, 40 miles from Acre, was the target, and an enemy force of some numbers but little strength was defeated, but the citadel itself was not taken. It was clear that little could be achieved, and in May 1272 Hugues III, king of Cyprus and titular king of Jerusalem, agreed a ten-year truce with Baibars. Edward was angry at this, and remained in the East until 24 September 1272, perhaps in the hope that further military action might be possible. His return to the West may also have been delayed because of the after-effects of the most celebrated incident of his crusade. In June 1272 a Muslim assassin attempted to kill him with a poisoned dagger. Edward kicked him, seized his knife, and slew him; but he was himself wounded in the arm. The master of the Temple provided a remedy, which failed; the wound began to putrefy. Eventually an English doctor cured Edward, by cutting away the decaying flesh. The classic story is, of course, that Eleanor of Castile devotedly sucked the poison from the wound. The same tale is told of Edward's close Savoyard friend Otto de Grandson; neither account has contemporary support.

Edward returned from the East to southern Italy, where he heard news of the death of his father, Henry III. He did not, as might have been expected, hasten to England for his coronation. His journey through Italy was leisurely; he then made an important visit to Savoy, and engaged in a tournament at Châlons-sur-Marne, which turned more violent than was proper for such an occasion. He did homage for his French lands to Philippe III of France at Paris, where he stayed in late July and early August, and then, instead of directing his journey to England, went to Gascony, where there was serious news of the rebellion of Gaston de Béarn. Not until 2 August 1274 did Edward finally return to England.
Crusading and diplomacy, 1274–1291
Edward undoubtedly enhanced his reputation by taking part in the crusade. He distinguished himself by persisting longer in an obviously futile cause than any of the other leaders who set out in 1270. His diplomatic efforts to win Mongol support failed, his military efforts were mere pinpricks to the mamelukes. The expedition was marked by a curious mixture of over-ambition and a full awareness of the limitations of the resources available. In the military sense Edward showed himself to be suitably cautious; in financial terms he displayed less realism. The crusade had proved an extremely expensive venture. The money raised before the expedition proved sufficient only until Edward arrived at Acre. Thereafter he borrowed funds from Italian merchants and others. The company of the Riccardi of Lucca lent him over £22,000 for the period from his landing in Sicily in 1272 until his return to England. In all, the crusade probably cost £100,000 or more.

Edward hoped to be able to go on crusade once more, and was to take the cross again in 1287. His role in European diplomacy in the first half of his reign was directed at the prevention of conflict, so as to make this possible. The dispute between the Angevins ruling in Naples and the kingdom of Aragon was a major obstacle to the European peace that was needed if a major crusade was to be mounted. Edward hoped to act as a peacemaker in the 1280s in this dispute. In 1283 he even made available his city of Bordeaux as the venue for single combat to settle the issue between Charles of Anjou and Peter of Aragon, but the engagement never took place. In 1286 Edward was successful in brokering a truce between France and Aragon, and two years later he provided money and hostages to Peter of Aragon so as to secure the release of the Angevin Charles of Salerno. Edward was a major figure in the European politics of this period, but in the end his peacemaking efforts were in vain. He had planned marriage alliances with Navarre, Aragon, and the Habsburg dynasty, but all failed, and it was only the marriage of his daughter Margaret to the duke of Brabant's heir, John, that was carried through in 1290. Charles of Salerno's release was secured, but at great cost and without securing lasting peace between Aragon and the Angevins. Edward hoped for a grand alliance between the forces of the West and those of the Mongols in the East, but this was too ambitious an idea, and came to naught. The city of Acre fell in 1291, and though Edward still dreamed of going on crusade, nothing came of his hopes.
The government of England, 1274–1290
Edward's first concern on his return to England in 1274 was of course his coronation, which took place on 19 August. There was some dispute with his brother Edmund over the role the latter was entitled to play in his position as steward of England; there was also a problem over the perennial argument between the archbishops of Canterbury and York, which resulted in the latter's exclusion from the ceremony. Otherwise, the coronation went smoothly, with celebrations on a truly exceptional scale.

The coronation over, Edward could give his attentions to the affairs of his realm. The first task, after some changes of personnel, which included the appointment of Edward's close associate Robert Burnell (d. 1292) as chancellor, was to conduct a major inquiry into the state of the realm. On 11 October 1274 commissioners were appointed to inquire into a wide range of matters, the prime purpose being to discover what rights and lands had been lost by the crown. By March of the following year the process of investigation was complete. Only some of the returns, known as the hundred rolls, survive, but they are sufficient to show the immense scale of the inquiry. Jurors often found it hard to know whether or not royal rights had been usurped by magnates; they found it much easier to tell tales about official wrongdoings. The scale of the returns was such that it was hard for the government to make much use of them; the Dunstable annalist cynically commented that no good came of the inquiry. There were no judicial commissions set up to hear the complaints against royal and private officials that were brought up. Yet many of the issues raised in the hundred rolls were the subject of legislation in the first Statute of Westminster, promulgated in the April parliament of 1275, though it is not clear that the clauses of the statute were directly based on the huge mass of material in the hundred rolls.

Edward I's statutes are one of the great achievements of the reign. The sweep of the legislation was extensive, and the majority of the statutes were not dedicated to a single topic, but covered a range of matters. They were not the work of a single legislator, and many clauses had their origins in specific issues that had arisen in the courts. The most important of the statutes were: Westminster I (1275); Gloucester (1278); Mortmain (1279); Acton Burnell (1283); Westminster II (1285); Winchester (1285); Merchants (1285); Quia emptores (1290); Quo warranto (1290).

Land tenure was one important theme in the legislation. The first clause of Westminster I, De donis conditionalibus, was designed to meet the grievance of those who found that even if they made gifts of lands on precise conditions, these were often flouted. Family settlements were the major issue here. Quia emptores ensured that if feudal tenants disposed of lands the new holder would enter into the same feudal relationship with the lord as the former holder. Much was done to clarify relations between lords and tenants, providing protection for tenants against unjust distraint, and giving lords ways of dealing with recalcitrant tenants. Landlords were provided by Westminster II with new methods of dealing with fraudulent bailiffs. The question of the grant of lands to the church was dealt with in what was perhaps the most political of the statutes, Mortmain. In the course of a dispute with Archbishop Pecham the king forbade the grant of lands to the church without royal licence, a measure that reiterated a clause of the provisions of Westminster of 1259.

The question of debt was the subject of the Statute of Acton Burnell, which was revised in the Statute of Merchants. Merchants were provided with a new mechanism for the registration of debt. If a debt was not paid off promptly, the debtor was threatened with prison, and eventually with handing over his lands to his creditor. The Statute of Winchester dealt with the maintenance of law and order, updating earlier provisions setting out the military equipment all free men should possess (necessary if they were to prevent crime), and making local hundreds responsible for bringing forward indictments. Arrangements were outlined for watch and ward in towns and cities; roads were to be widened, so that there should be no undergrowth nearby in which highway robbers might lurk.

It is impossible that so major a programme of legal change should have been carried out without the active encouragement of the king himself, but evidence for Edward's own involvement in the statutes is hard to find. It is unlikely that he was much concerned in the detailed work of drafting the new measures; that was a task for the experts. Much of the drive for change, however, must have been due to the king, and his experiences of the baronial reform movement of the late 1250s and early 1260s surely help to explain his determination to improve the way in which the law operated.
The church and the bench
The appointment of John Pecham to the see of Canterbury in 1279 was followed by a series of arguments between king and primate. Proposals for ecclesiastical reform set out by Pecham at Reading in 1279 directly attacked royal officials, and threatened royal rights. The archbishop was forced to retreat in parliament in the autumn of that year, but in 1280 a massive list of clerical grievances was presented in parliament. Pecham continued his practice of excommunicating royal officials, and another church council, at Lambeth in 1281, continued the work of reform. Pecham sent a long letter to Edward, stressing the king's obligation to bring English practices into line with the rest of Christendom. Further clerical grievances were put forward in 1285. From the crown's point of view it was claimed that church courts in the see of Norwich had overstepped their proper bounds in over 150 cases. But in the next year Edward issued a conciliatory writ, Circumspecte agatis, ordering Richard of Boyland, the justice active in the bishopric of Norwich, to act with due circumspection towards the clergy. Edward's readiness to comp