Banks/Dean Genealogy

Sir Robert de Vere¹

M, #2041, b. 1164, d. before 25 October 1221

Father*

Aubrey de Vere^2,3,4 b. c 1110, d. 26 Dec 1194

Mother*

Sir Robert de Vere|b. 1164\nd. b 25 Oct 1221|p69.htm#i2041|Aubrey de Vere|b. c 1110\nd. 26 Dec 1194|p117.htm#i3500|Agnes of Essex|b. c 1151|p230.htm#i6891|Aubrey de Vere|b. b 1090\nd. 15 May 1141|p380.htm#i11371|Adeliza de Clare|b. c 1118\nd. c 1163|p117.htm#i3501|Henry of Essex|b. 1106\nd. 1163|p230.htm#i6892|Cicely o. R. (?)||p230.htm#i6893|

Baptism*

1164

⁶

Marriage*

before 1210

2nd=Isabel de Bolebec^1,2,7

Death*

before 25 October 1221

^1,6,2,7,8

Burial*

Earls Colne, Essex, England⁸

Arms*

quarterly, gules and or with a molet argent in the quarter. Sealed: quarterly, in the first quarter a mullet. The first and fourth quarters apparently plain, the second and third apparetnly marked vair or ermine spots.⁸

DNB*

Vere, Robert de, third earl of Oxford (d. 1221), magnate, was the third surviving son of Aubrey (III) de Vere, the first earl (d. 1194), and of his third wife, Agnes of Essex (b. 1151, d. in or after 1206). Little is known of him before 1207. Before his father's death in 1194 he attested several charters to monastic houses founded by the de Vere family, but his name does not appear on any charters issued by his elder brother Aubrey (IV), the second earl, and rarely on those of others. Before Michaelmas 1207 Robert married Isabel de Bolebec, the aunt and namesake of Aubrey (IV)'s wife, who had died childless in either 1206 or 1207. The pipe roll of 1207 states that the first instalment of Isabel's fine for not being compelled to marry was in fact paid by her new husband, Robert de Vere. Isabel the niece had been the heir to the Bolebec estate, based upon Whitchurch in Buckinghamshire. Her own heirs were her two aunts, and Robert's marriage was clearly a de Vere strategy to retain control over at least half the Bolebec lands. It may also have recognized Robert as heir apparent to the earldom of Oxford. Despite two marriages Earl Aubrey failed to father a legitimate heir, and he was also predeceased by his next brother, Ralph. Robert and Isabel had one child, Hugh, later fourth earl of Oxford.

Robert de Vere succeeded his brother in October 1214. King John charged him 1000 marks for his relief and a wardship, but may not have confirmed him in the earldom and hereditary master chamberlainship; de Vere attested a royal charter issued in London on 15 January 1215 without a title. Earl Aubrey had been numbered among King John's cronies, but Robert de Vere joined the rebellion against John, one of six known rebel leaders who were descendants of his grandparents Aubrey de Vere and Alice de Clare and part of a large group whose holdings were predominantly in the eastern counties. The relief was high for a baronage of moderate extent such as de Vere's, but his primary grievance may have been John's withholding of the earldom. He attended the assembly of barons at Stamford in April 1215, and was named by Roger of Wendover as one of the principal promoters of discontent. The king must have agreed; he ordered that de Vere's lands be seized in mid-May, along with the estates of several others on Wendover's list. While de Vere was among the rebels at Runnymede, his role in the negotiations for Magna Carta is impossible to reconstruct. By 23 June the king had recognized him as earl of Oxford, for on that date the sheriff of Oxfordshire was ordered to pay Earl Robert the comital percentage of judicial fines from that county. The earl was one of the twenty-five barons elected to oversee the implementation of Magna Carta, and the fact that he attested writs issued to implement their judgments could indicate that he was deeply involved in rebel counsels, but the wavering course of his allegiance in 1215 and the years immediately following could equally well show that he was principally moved by external pressures. He was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, and in late March 1216 John captured Oxford's primary castle at Hedingham, Essex, after a three-day siege. The earl was granted safe conduct to seek the king's forgiveness, yet within months he had offered his homage to Prince Louis of France at Rochester. After John's death Earl Robert recovered his lands, and he formally made his peace with the new regime in October 1217.

By 1220 the earl of Oxford was serving as an itinerant justice, and he presided in the curia regis in 1221; political considerations may have lain behind his judicial employment, but he may also have become conversant with the common law in his capacity as a landowner and local magnate. He patronized the Essex houses of Hatfield Broadoak Priory and Tilty Abbey, Osney Abbey in Oxfordshire, and the hospitallers. When the earl died, shortly before 25 October 1221, he was buried in the Benedictine priory of Hatfield Broadoak, although Earls Colne Priory was the traditional burial place of the de Vere family. His effigy rests in the parish church at Hatfield, where it was moved after the dissolution. Its shield differs from those of all other de Veres in that the silver mullet in the first quarter was borne not on a field gules, but on one of France ancient. No account explains these anomalies. Countess Isabel obtained the guardianship of their son, who was a minor, and his estates, which she exercised for approximately ten years. She died on 3 February 1245 and was buried at the Dominican friary in Oxford. Earl Hugh died in December 1263.

RaGena C. DeAragon
Sources

Pipe rolls · Paris, Chron., vols. 2, 5 · GEC, Peerage, new edn, 10.208–13 · H. Hall, ed., The Red Book of the Exchequer, 3 vols., Rolls Series, 99 (1896) · D. A. Carpenter, The minority of Henry III (1990) · Seventh report, HMC, 6 (1879) · The itinerary of John Leland the antiquary, ed. T. Hearne, 9 vols. (1710–12) · T. D. Hardy, ed., Rotuli litterarum patentium, RC (1835) · W. Camden, Remains concerning Britain, ed. J. Philipot and W. D. Gent, 7th edn (1674); repr. (1870) · C. Roberts, ed., Excerpta è rotulis finium in Turri Londinensi asservatis, Henrico Tertio rege, AD 1216–1272, 1, RC, 32 (1835), 74
Archives

BL, Cotton MSS · BL, Harley MSS · BL, Stowe MSS · Bodl. Oxf., Rawl. MSS

Likenesses

effigy, parish church, Hatfield Broadoak, Essex
Wealth at death

see Hall, ed., Red Book
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

RaGena C. DeAragon, ‘Vere, Robert de, third earl of Oxford (d. 1221)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28217, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Robert de Vere (d. 1221): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28217⁹

Occupation*

Great Chamberlaine of England¹

Event-Misc*

1208

He acquired a moiety of the Bolebec barony¹⁰

Event-Misc

1214

He was heir to his brother Aubrey, 2nd Earl of Oxford⁸

(Barons) Magna Carta

12 June 1215

Runningmede, Surrey, England, King=John Lackland^{11,12,13,14,15,16}

Excommunication*

16 December 1215

by Pope Innocent III¹⁰

Event-Misc

March 1216

After King John took Hedingham Castle, Robert swore fealty, but later in the year, paid homage to Prince Louis¹⁰

Event-Misc

1220

He was an itinerant justice¹⁰

Event-Misc

1221

Westminster, He was a justice in the King's court¹⁰

HTML*

Magna Charta Baron's Page

Family

Isabel de Bolebec b. 1175, d. 3 Feb 1245

Children

Eleanor de Vere^2,17
Henry de Vere²
Sir Hugh de Vere+^1,2,7 b. c 1210, d. b 23 Dec 1263

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246-26.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 154-3.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 252.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-28.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-1.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 1.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 253.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Longespée 3.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 3.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 56-27.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 60-28.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 8.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 123-2.

Isabel de Bolebec¹

F, #2042, b. 1175, d. 3 February 1245

Father*

Hugh II de Bolebec³ d. c 1165

Father

Walter de Bolebec^1,2 d. c 1142

Isabel de Bolebec|b. 1175\nd. 3 Feb 1245|p69.htm#i2042|Hugh II de Bolebec|d. c 1165|p100.htm#i2971||||Walter de Bolebec|d. c 1142|p69.htm#i2043|Helewise (?)||p512.htm#i15341|||||||

Marriage*

Groom=Henry de Novaunt⁴

Birth

Buckinghamshire¹

Birth*

1175

Marriage*

before 1210

Groom=Sir Robert de Vere^1,2,5

Death*

3 February 1245

^1,2,6

Death

13 February 1248

⁵

Burial*

Church of the Preaching Friars, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England^2,7,6

DNB*

Bolebec, Isabel de, countess of Oxford (c.1164-1245), magnate and monastic patron, was the eldest daughter of Hugh de Bolebec (d. c.1165), lord of Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire, and a patron of the order of Friars Preacher in England. She appears first in the records as the widow of Henry de Nonant (d. 1206), lord of Totnes, Devon, her first husband. In 1207 she petitioned the crown for the right to marry whom she wished. The first instalment of her fine was paid by Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford (d. 1221), her second husband, who had made his own fine to marry Isabel if she consented. At the time of her remarriage she was coheir of her niece Isabel de Bolebec, countess of Oxford and Robert de Vere's former sister-in-law (with whom she is frequently confused). By c.1225 Isabel had inherited all of the Bolebec honour of thirty knights' fees in Buckinghamshire.

Isabel bore her only known child, Hugh de Vere, late in her reproductive years. She purchased his wardship and the guardianship of his inheritance upon her husband's death in 1221 for £2228 (6000 marks), and travelled with him on pilgrimage ‘beyond the seas’ in 1237 (CPR, 1237–42, 175). A generally successful suitor at court, she engaged in a long-running dispute with Woburn Abbey.

The countess was the chief benefactor of the Dominican order in Oxford. The friars sent to England in 1221 were assisted in their search for quarters in the Oxford Jewry by Isabel, who took a Dominican as her confessor and financed their oratory to the east of St Aldate's Street c.1227. When the friars decided to expand, she bought land to the south of Oxford for them. On her death on 3 February 1245 her body was temporarily entombed in their oratory, then transported to the newly consecrated Dominican priory church in St Ebbe's for burial. A monument proclaimed Isabel their ‘foundress’. Her other known charitable grants were to the hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire, and to Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire (a Bolebec foundation).

RaGena C. DeAragon
Sources

Sixth report, HMC, 5 (1877–8) · Curia regis rolls preserved in the Public Record Office (1922–) · Pipe rolls · The memoranda roll, PRSoc. · CPR · Feet of fines, Buckinghamshire · Close rolls of the reign of Henry III, 14 vols., PRO (1902–38) · Calendar of the charter rolls, 6 vols., PRO (1903–27) · Paris, Chron. · GEC, Peerage · W. G. D. Fletcher, The black friars of Oxford (1882) · A. Wood, Survey of the antiquities of the city of Oxford, ed. A. Clark, 2, OHS, 17 (1890)
Likenesses

seal; [Birch, Seals, vol. 2, p. 378]
Wealth at death

possessed paternal inheritance of thirty knights' fees; also dowries from two husbands
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

RaGena C. DeAragon, ‘Bolebec, Isabel de, countess of Oxford (c.1164-1245)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/56563, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Isabel de Bolebec (c.1164-1245): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56563⁸

Event-Misc

1206

She was co-heir to her niece, Isabel de Bolebec wife of Robert's brother Aubrey. Her inheritance was half the barony of Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire which increased to the whole on the death of her sister Constance⁶

Event-Misc*

before 8 November 1221

She paid 6000 marks for custody of her son and his lands and was given the castles of Hedingham and Canfield⁷

Event-Misc

1224/25

She sued Woburn Abbey for the manor of Mendham⁶

Event-Misc*

1237

Hugh and his mother Isabel went on pilgrimage overseas, Principal=Sir Hugh de Vere⁷

Event-Misc

1238

She was granted her purchases of a messuage and two meadows in the parish of St. Michael, Oxford. She gave pasture for one horse to the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalene of Crowmarsh⁶

Family

Sir Robert de Vere b. 1164, d. b 25 Oct 1221

Children

Eleanor de Vere²
Henry de Vere²
Sir Hugh de Vere+^1,2,5 b. c 1210, d. b 23 Dec 1263

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-28.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 267-25.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-1.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 1.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 253.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.

Walter de Bolebec¹

M, #2043, d. circa 1142

Father*

Hugh de Bolbec²

Walter de Bolebec|d. c 1142|p69.htm#i2043|Hugh de Bolbec||p512.htm#i15340||||||||||||||||

Marriage*

Principal=Helewise (?)

Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire, England^3,4

Death*

circa 1142

⁵

Name Variation

Bolbec⁴

Family 1

Child

Walter II de Bolebec+⁶ d. c 1187

Family 2

Helewise (?)

Child

Hugh II de Bolebec+⁵ d. c 1165

Last Edited

14 May 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 35.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 36.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 267-25.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 267A-26.

Sir Hugh de Vere¹

M, #2044, b. circa 1210, d. before 23 December 1263

Father*

Sir Robert de Vere^1,2,3 b. 1164, d. b 25 Oct 1221

Mother*

Isabel de Bolebec^1,2,3 b. 1175, d. 3 Feb 1245

Sir Hugh de Vere|b. c 1210\nd. b 23 Dec 1263|p69.htm#i2044|Sir Robert de Vere|b. 1164\nd. b 25 Oct 1221|p69.htm#i2041|Isabel de Bolebec|b. 1175\nd. 3 Feb 1245|p69.htm#i2042|Aubrey de Vere|b. c 1110\nd. 26 Dec 1194|p117.htm#i3500|Agnes of Essex|b. c 1151|p230.htm#i6891|Hugh I. de Bolebec|d. c 1165|p100.htm#i2971||||

Birth*

circa 1210

Hatfield, Essex, England^1,2,4

Marriage*

after 11 February 1222/23

Principal=Hawise de Quincey^1,2,4,5

Death*

before 23 December 1263

^1,6,2,4,5

Burial*

Earls Colne, Essex, England^7,5

Arms*

quarterium ubi stella alba de gules, aliud cum suo [pari] aurium (Mathew Paris)⁵

Feudal*

Castle Hedingham, Earls Colne, Great Bentley, Great Canfield, Helion Bumpstead, and Ramsey, Essex, Chesham, Medmenham, and Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire⁵

Occupation*

Great Chamberlaine of England¹

Event-Misc

23 October 1231

He did homage and had livery of his father's lands⁷

Knighted*

22 May 1233

Gloucester, by the King, Witness=Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England^1,7,5

Event-Misc

2 September 1234

He was forbidden to go to tournaments⁷

Event-Misc*

1236

As Great Chamberlain, he officiated at the coronation of Queen Eleanor (of Castile)⁷

Event-Misc*

1237

Hugh and his mother Isabel went on pilgrimage overseas, Principal=Isabel de Bolebec⁷

Event-Misc

February 1245

He did homage for his mother's lands, and was styled Baron of Bolebec⁷

Event-Misc

September 1245

He was with the King in Wales⁷

Event-Misc

1246

He was among the barons protesting to the Pope against the oppression of the realm⁷

Event-Misc

1246/47

He granted his messuage in the parish of St. Michael of Paternostercherche to John de Gisoz, of London, for £60 and a cask of wine⁵

Event-Misc

1248

London, He attended Parliament⁷

Event-Misc

circa 1250

Castle Hedingham, He founded a hospital⁸

Event-Misc

13 May 1253

Westminster Hall, He was present at the excommunication of those violating the Magna Carta^8,5

Event-Misc

1258

He was chosen by the barons to the Committee of 24⁷

Event-Misc

October 1259

He was chosen to fill a vacancy on the Council of Twelve⁸

Summoned*

1260

serve against Llywelyn⁸

Family

Hawise de Quincey d. 3 Feb

Children

Lora de Vere² d. 1292
Isabel de Vere+^2,9 d. a Feb 1299
Sir Robert de Vere+^1,2,10 b. c 1240, d. 2 Sep 1296

Last Edited

11 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-1.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-2.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 2.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-28.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 253.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 254.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 124-2.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-3.

Hawise de Quincey¹

F, #2045, d. 3 February

Father*

Saher IV de Quincy^1,2,3 b. c 1155, d. 3 Nov 1219

Mother*

Margaret de Beaumont^1,2,3 b. c 1155, d. 12 Jan 1234/35

Marriage*

after 11 February 1222/23

Principal=Sir Hugh de Vere^1,2,3,4

Burial*

Earls Colne, Essex, England^5,4

Death*

3 February

⁴

Note*

Her maritagium included the manors of Laughton and Wigston, Leicestershire⁴

Name Variation

Quincy⁶

Living*

1273

⁴

Family

Sir Hugh de Vere b. c 1210, d. b 23 Dec 1263

Children

Lora de Vere² d. 1292
Isabel de Vere+² d. a Feb 1299
Sir Robert de Vere+^1,2,3 b. c 1240, d. 2 Sep 1296

Last Edited

11 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-2.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 2.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 253.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-28.

Saher IV de Quincy¹

M, #2046, b. circa 1155, d. 3 November 1219

Father*

Robert de Quincey^1,2 d. c 1198

Mother*

Orabella of Leuchars^1,2 d. b 30 Jun 1203

Saher IV de Quincy|b. c 1155\nd. 3 Nov 1219|p69.htm#i2046|Robert de Quincey|d. c 1198|p92.htm#i2746|Orabella of Leuchars|d. b 30 Jun 1203|p92.htm#i2747|Saher de Quincy|d. bt 1156 - 1158|p92.htm#i2748|Maud de St. Liz|b. c 1094\nd. 1140|p85.htm#i2537|Ralph de Mar||p115.htm#i3422||||

Birth*

circa 1155

^3,1,2,4

Marriage*

before 1173

Principal=Margaret de Beaumont^3,1,2,4,5

Death*

3 November 1219

Damietta, Egypt^3,1,2,4,5

Burial*

Acre, Palestine⁶

Name Variation

Saire de Quincey³

Name Variation

Saier⁷

Arms*

Sealed, early 13th cent: A fesse, a label of 8 points. Also: A fesse between 2 chevrons (Birch).⁸

Name Variation

Seiher de Quency⁸

Event-Misc*

18 August 1199

Chateau Gaillard, He witnessed the pact between John and the Count of Boulogne⁹

Event-Misc

30 October 1200

He was appointed to conduct William the Lion to meet King John⁹

Event-Misc

22 November 1200

He was present when William the Lion did homage to King John⁹

Event-Misc

1203

He was captured by the French when he and his cousin Robert FitzWalter surrendered the castle of Vandreuil without a fight⁹

Event-Misc

5 May 1204

He was back in England⁹

Event-Misc

1209

He served in Scotland⁹

Event-Misc

1210

He served in Ireland⁹

Event-Misc

between 1211 and 1213

He was active in the work of the Exchequer⁹

Event-Misc

1212

He was ambassador to Emperor Otto IV⁹

Event-Misc

15 May 1213

He was a witness to the charter by which King John surrendered the crown to the Pope⁹

(Barons) Magna Carta

12 June 1215

Runningmede, Surrey, England, King=John Lackland^{10,11,12,13,14,15}

Excommunication*

December 1215

by the Pope⁹

Event-Misc

1216

He went with Robert FitzWalter to invite Prince Louis to England, the result of which his lands were seized and turned over to William Marshal, son of the Marshal of England⁹

Event-Misc

20 May 1217

He was captured at the Battle of Lincoln⁹

Event-Misc

29 September 1217

He returned his allegience to Henry III and his lands were restored⁹

Event-Misc

March 1217/18

Worchester, He was present when peace was made between Henry III and Prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth⁹

Occupation*

1219

a crusader¹

Residence*

Winchester, Hampshire, England²

HTML*

Magna Charta Barons Page

Title*

1st Earl of Winchester⁵

Family

Margaret de Beaumont b. c 1155, d. 12 Jan 1234/35

Children

Hawise de Quincey+^3,2,16 d. 3 Feb
Sir Robert de Quincey+^2,17,8
Orabella de Quincy+^2,18
Lorette de Quincey^19,5
Anonymous de Quincy⁹
Sir Roger de Quincy+^20,2,21,8 b. c 1195, d. 25 Apr 1264

Last Edited

3 Aug 2005

Citations

[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 53-27.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 74-1.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 209.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 107-1.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 4, p. 107.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 210.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Longespée 3.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 3.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 56-27.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 60-28.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 8.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-2.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 54-28.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 111-2.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 111A-2.
[S78] Louise Brownell Clarke, Greenes of Rhode Island, p. 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 74-2.

Margaret de Beaumont¹

F, #2047, b. circa 1155, d. 12 January 1234/35

Father*

Sir Robert de Beaumont^2,4 b. b 1135, d. 31 Aug 1190

Mother*

Petronilla de Grandmesnil^2,3 b. 1149, d. 1 Apr 1212

Margaret de Beaumont|b. c 1155\nd. 12 Jan 1234/35|p69.htm#i2047|Sir Robert de Beaumont|b. b 1135\nd. 31 Aug 1190|p365.htm#i10927|Petronilla de Grandmesnil|b. 1149\nd. 1 Apr 1212|p92.htm#i2749|Sir Robert de Beaumont|b. 1104\nd. 5 Apr 1168|p100.htm#i2979|Amice de Montfort|d. a 31 Aug 1168|p92.htm#i2750|Hugh d. Grantmesnil|b. c 1092|p115.htm#i3423||||

Birth*

circa 1155

Marriage*

before 1173

Principal=Saher IV de Quincy^1,5,3,4,6

Death*

12 January 1234/35

^5,3,4

Name Variation

Margaret de Bellomont⁷

Name Variation

Margaret 'FitzPernel' de Beaumont⁶

Family

Saher IV de Quincy b. c 1155, d. 3 Nov 1219

Children

Hawise de Quincey+^1,3,8 d. 3 Feb
Sir Robert de Quincey+^3,9
Orabella de Quincy+³
Lorette de Quincey¹⁰
Anonymous de Quincy¹¹
Sir Roger de Quincy+^7,3,12 b. c 1195, d. 25 Apr 1264

Last Edited

3 Aug 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 53-26.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 74-1.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 53-27.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
[S78] Louise Brownell Clarke, Greenes of Rhode Island, p. 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-2.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 54-28.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 111A-2.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 210.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 74-2.

Sir Robert de Vere¹

M, #2048, b. circa 1240, d. 2 September 1296

Father*

Sir Hugh de Vere^1,2,3 b. c 1210, d. b 23 Dec 1263

Mother*

Hawise de Quincey^1,2,4 d. 3 Feb

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Castle Hedingham, Earls Colne, Great Bentley, Great Canfield, Helion Bupstead, Ramsey, Essex, Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire⁵

Birth*

circa 1240

^1,2,6,5

Marriage*

before 22 February 1252

Principal=Alice de Sanford^1,2,6

Death*

2 September 1296

^1,2

Burial*

Essex, England; (heart) Grey Friars Abbey, Ipswich, England²

Death

before 7 September 1296

Inquisition Post Mor

7 September 1296

he held lands at Wykingeston, Leicester, Belgrave, and Lancton, Leic., Manors of Horemad, Herts., and Flete by Sandwich, Kent, mess. at Cestresham and Whytchurch, Bucks., and Kensington, Midx., Manors of Colne, Canfield ad Castrum, Benetlegh, Raumesey, Hengham ad Castrum, Burnsted, Tilbury, Geham, Dodinghurst, Fingrith, and Wolfamston, Ess., Gt. Caumpes and Gt. Abynton, Cambs., Aldham, Lavenham, and Cokefeud, Suffolk, and leaving s. h. Robert, 24-34.⁷

Arms

Sealed (Birch): Arms: quarterly, in the first quarter a mullet⁵

Arms*

D'argent a la croix de goulz (Glover). Quartele d'or et de goules ung molet d'argent ent le quarter devant (Glover, Charles, St. George, Segar, Camden).⁸

Event-Misc

5 March 1263/64

Lewes, He did homage⁹

Knighted

before 14 May 1264

Lewes, by Simon de Montfort, Witness=Simon VI de Montfort^9,5

(Simon) Battle-Lewes

14 May 1264

The Battle of Lewes, Lewes, Sussex, England, when King Henry and Prince Edward were captured by Simon of Montfort, Earl of Leicester. Simon ruled England in Henry's name until his defeat at Evesham, Principal=Henry III Plantagenet King of England, Principal=Simon VI de Montfort^{10,11,12,13,14,15}

Summoned

December 1264

the Parliament of Simon de Montfort⁹

Event-Misc*

16 February 1265

He was forbidden to tourney at Dunstable or elsewhere⁸

Event-Misc

1 August 1265

Kenilworth, He was captured⁹

Event-Misc

Michaelmas 1265

He was the King's enemy with Simon de Montfort, jun., and was captured at Kenilworth. His Manors of Lit. Gelham, val. £14 11s. 8 1/2d., Tilleberg £5 1s. 6d., and Gt. Benetlegg, Ess., were seized to the King, Colum and Messing Manors, Ess., to the Earl of Gloucester, who seized Fingrith and Ginge-Regine. His tenement at Flete, Kent, val. £30, was seized to R. de Leyburne, Chesham Manor, Bucks., val £40 3s., for Sir Edward. He had Wytecheruche Manor, Bucks., val. £23 14s. 10d., but a former Earl handed it to his villeines against their will for 15 years at farm of £49⁸

Event-Misc*

September 1265

Winchester, Roger de Mortimer was given the honour and county of Oxford, forfeit by Robert de Vere, who subsequently got back his honours by paying a fine and agreeing that his son marry Margaret de Mortimer. Roger attended Parliament, Principal=Sir Roger de Mortimer¹⁶

Protection*

5 December 1266

to the King's court re peace and remission of the King's anger re disturbances if the stand to the Award of Kenilworth⁸

Event-Misc

3 March 1268

Lic. for him to farm his lands up to £300 p.a. for his randsom under the Award of Kenilworth⁸

(Witness) King-England

19 August 1274

Westminster, Middlesex, England, King of England, Principal=Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England^17,18,19

Event-Misc

12 November 1276

He was present at the council concerning Llywelyn⁹

Summoned*

1 July 1277

serve against the Welsh, he acknowledges 3 Kt. Fees in Ess. and Bucks., and will serve in person with 2 Kts.⁸

Summoned

15 July 1282

serve with Roger de Mortimer against the Welsh⁸

Occupation

1283

M. P.²⁰

Summoned

30 September 1283

Shrewsbury, Parliament⁸

Event-Misc*

10 June 1285

He and wife Alice grant to Wm. de Warenne and his wif Joan and her heirs the Manors of Medineham, Tybourne, Pritelwell, Wlfhamston, Nuchamstead, and Gynges, with £10 rent in Cestresham Manor. If they die leaving heirs under age, custody of them and the lands to Robert and Alice, Principal=Alice de Sanford, Witness=Joan de Vere, Witness=Sir William de Warrenne⁸

Event-Misc*

May 1287

William de Warenne being dead 15 dec 1286, his wid. Joan has restoration of Manors of Medmenham, Pritelwell (which she bought) in Ess., Crawmershe, Oxon., and Beston, Norf., of all which she and Wm. were enfeoffed by her father Rob., Earl of Oxford, Principal=Joan de Vere, Witness=Sir William de Warrenne⁷

Event-Misc

17 February 1294

Grant of wardship of Manors of Radwinter, Ess., and Wilburgham, Cambs., which his ancestors always held⁷

Event-Misc

29 July 1294

Robert may take 10 bucks in Essex Forest for his son Hugh, Principal=Sir Hugh de Vere⁷

Occupation

between 1295 and 1296

M. P.²⁰

Summoned

1 August 1295

Westminster, Parliament⁸

Event-Misc

18 August 1295

Lic. for him and wife Alice to assign Gt. Horemod Manor, Herts., inheritance of Alice, to their daughter Hawisia for life, remainder to her brother Alphonso, and if s. p., then to Rob. and Alice, Principal=Alice de Sanford, Witness=Sir Alfonso de Vere, Witness=Hawisia de Vere⁷

Occupation*

Great Chamberlaine of England^1,5

Family

Alice de Sanford b. c 1230, d. 7 Sep 1312

Children

Hawisia de Vere⁷
Sir Thomas de Vere²¹
Sir Hugh de Vere⁷ b. bt Jun 1257 - Mar 1259, d. b 3 May 1314
Sir Robert de Vere²² b. c 24 Jun 1257, d. b 19 Apr 1331
Sir Alfonso de Vere+² b. b 1262, d. b 20 Dec 1328
Joan de Vere+^1,2,23,24 b. c 1264, d. 21 Nov 1293
Gilbert de Vere²⁵ b. c 1264, d. 1289
Philip de Vere²⁵ b. c 1276

Last Edited

11 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-2.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-3.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 110.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 109.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 254.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 4.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 10.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 7.
[S342] Sir Bernard Burke, Extinct Peerages, p. 21.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 218.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 170.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 1-28.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 14.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 5.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-29.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 113.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 6.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-4.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 9.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 111.

Alice de Sanford¹

F, #2049, b. circa 1230, d. 7 September 1312

Father*

Gilbert de Sanford^1,2,3 d. 1249

Mother*

Loretta la Zouche^4,2,3 b. c 1211, d. b 1273

Alice de Sanford|b. c 1230\nd. 7 Sep 1312|p69.htm#i2049|Gilbert de Sanford|d. 1249|p69.htm#i2050|Loretta la Zouche|b. c 1211\nd. b 1273|p99.htm#i2969|John d. Samford||p144.htm#i4316||||Roger la Zouche|b. c 1175\nd. b 14 May 1238|p99.htm#i2970|Margaret (?)|b. c 1179\nd. a 28 Jan 1232|p134.htm#i4013|

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1230

Great Hormede, Hertfordshire, England²

Marriage*

before 22 February 1252

Principal=Sir Robert de Vere^1,2,5

Death*

7 September 1312

Canfield, Essex^6,7,8

Burial*

Earls Colne, Essex, England^2,8

Note*

She inherited the manors of Great Hormead and Nuthampstead, Hertfordshire, and Fingrith, Margaretting, and Woolverston, Essex⁸

Name Variation

Alice Saunford²

Event-Misc*

10 June 1285

He and wife Alice grant to Wm. de Warenne and his wif Joan and her heirs the Manors of Medineham, Tybourne, Pritelwell, Wlfhamston, Nuchamstead, and Gynges, with £10 rent in Cestresham Manor. If they die leaving heirs under age, custody of them and the lands to Robert and Alice, Principal=Sir Robert de Vere, Witness=Joan de Vere, Witness=Sir William de Warrenne⁹

Event-Misc

18 August 1295

Lic. for him and wife Alice to assign Gt. Horemod Manor, Herts., inheritance of Alice, to their daughter Hawisia for life, remainder to her brother Alphonso, and if s. p., then to Rob. and Alice, Principal=Sir Robert de Vere, Witness=Sir Alfonso de Vere, Witness=Hawisia de Vere⁶

Event-Misc*

21 June 1297

She granted the manor of Beeston to the Prior of Beeston and the rector of Beeston for 10 years.⁸

Event-Misc

12 April 1301

Being infirm, she nominated attorneys, and again on 15 Nov 1308⁸

Arms*

1303

Sealed: A shield of arms: quarterly, in the first quarter a mullet (Vere). Within two square frames interlaced. Beaded borders.⁸

Event-Misc*

1306/7

Alice bought the reversion of the manor of Gorham, Hertfordshire for the use of her son, Alphonse, Principal=Sir Alfonso de Vere⁸

Family

Sir Robert de Vere b. c 1240, d. 2 Sep 1296

Children

Hawisia de Vere⁶
Sir Thomas de Vere¹⁰
Sir Hugh de Vere⁶ b. bt Jun 1257 - Mar 1259, d. b 3 May 1314
Sir Robert de Vere¹¹ b. c 24 Jun 1257, d. b 19 Apr 1331
Sir Alfonso de Vere+² b. b 1262, d. b 20 Dec 1328
Joan de Vere+^1,2,5 b. c 1264, d. 21 Nov 1293
Gilbert de Vere¹² b. c 1264, d. 1289
Philip de Vere¹² b. c 1276

Last Edited

11 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-3.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-29.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-3.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 110.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 254.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 3.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 109.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 113.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Mortimer 6.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 111.

Gilbert de Sanford¹

M, #2050, d. 1249

Father*

John de Samford²

Gilbert de Sanford|d. 1249|p69.htm#i2050|John de Samford||p144.htm#i4316||||||||||||||||

Marriage*

Principal=Loretta la Zouche^3,2,4

Death*

1249

^2,4

Name Variation

Gilbert de Saunford²

Residence*

Great Hormead, Hertfordshire, England⁴

Title*

hereditary chamberlain to the Queen for her coronation.^4,5

Family

Loretta la Zouche b. c 1211, d. b 1273

Child

Alice de Sanford+^1,2,4 b. c 1230, d. 7 Sep 1312

Last Edited

11 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-29.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 120-3.
[S374] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, Vere 3.

Joan de Vere¹

F, #2051, b. circa 1264, d. 21 November 1293

Father*

Sir Robert de Vere^1,2,3,4 b. c 1240, d. 2 Sep 1296

Mother*

Alice de Sanford^1,2,5 b. c 1230, d. 7 Sep 1312

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

circa 1264

of Oxford, Suffolk, England²

Marriage*

circa 1283

Principal=Sir William de Warrenne¹

Marriage

circa 20 June 1285

Her maritagium included the manors of medmenham, Buckinghamshire, Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire, Margaretting, Prittlewell, and Woolston (in Chigwell), Essex., Principal=Sir William de Warrenne^2,6,7

Death*

21 November 1293

^8,2

Burial*

Lewes, Sussex, England^2,7

(Witness) Event-Misc

10 June 1285

Event-Misc*

May 1287

Family

Sir William de Warrenne b. 15 Jan 1256, d. 15 Dec 1285

Children

Alice de Warrenne+^1,2,4 b. bt 1285 - 1287, d. b 23 May 1338
Sir John de Warenne^2,11 b. 30 Jun 1286, d. 29 Jun 1347

Last Edited

10 Nov 2004

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-4.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 9.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-5.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 5.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-30.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 109.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 110.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 122-4.

Sir William de Warrenne¹

M, #2052, b. 15 January 1256, d. 15 December 1285

Father*

Sir John de Warenne^2,3,4,5 b. c Aug 1231, d. 27 Sep 1304

Mother*

Alice de Lusignan^2,3,4,6 b. c 1224, d. 9 Feb 1255/56

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

15 January 1256

Warren, Sussex, England^7,3,8,9

Marriage*

circa 1283

Principal=Joan de Vere¹

Marriage

circa 20 June 1285

Her maritagium included the manors of medmenham, Buckinghamshire, Crowmarsh, Oxfordshire, Margaretting, Prittlewell, and Woolston (in Chigwell), Essex., Principal=Joan de Vere^3,10,9

Death*

15 December 1285

Croyden, Surrey, England, | He was ambushed and killed by his enemies after attending a tournament^1,3,8,9

Name Variation

Warenne⁹

Event-Misc*

12 February 1276

Livery to John his land of Brumfeld and Yal, which he had given to his son Wm. to hold of him, and also Scolethorp Manor, which William held., Principal=Sir John de Warenne¹¹

Knighted*

1285

Winchester⁹

(Witness) Event-Misc

10 June 1285

(Witness) Event-Misc

May 1287

Family 1

Child

John de Warenne; bastard⁹

Family 2

Joan de Vere b. c 1264, d. 21 Nov 1293

Children

Alice de Warrenne+^1,3,10,14,15 b. bt 1285 - 1287, d. b 23 May 1338
Sir John de Warenne³ b. 30 Jun 1286, d. 29 Jun 1347

Last Edited

5 Jan 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 83-28.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 151-2.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 4.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-30.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 151-3.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 5.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-5.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 161.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 109.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 110.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cergeaux 10.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 9.

Alice de Warrenne¹

F, #2053, b. between 1285 and 1287, d. before 23 May 1338

Father*

Sir William de Warrenne^1,2,3,4,5 b. 15 Jan 1256, d. 15 Dec 1285

Mother*

Joan de Vere^1,2,5 b. c 1264, d. 21 Nov 1293

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

between 1285 and 1287

Marriage*

1305

Her maritagium included the manors of High Roding, Margaretting, Ovesham Hall (in Matching), Prittlewell, and Woolston (in Chigwell), Essex., Principal=Sir Edmund FitzAlan^1,2,3,4,5

Death*

before 23 May 1338

^1,2,3

Name Variation

Warenne⁶

Event-Misc*

30 December 1304

Grant of his marriage to Alesia, d. of Wm. de Warenne, and g.d. of John, late E. of Surrey. K. had granted his marriage to said John, who offered Alesia to Edmund, who however, then refused her., Principal=Sir Edmund FitzAlan⁷

Event-Misc

10 June 1324

License for him and wife Alice to enclose and impark 50 acres of their Manor of Wolfhampton, Ess., within the forest, Principal=Sir Edmund FitzAlan⁸

Family

Sir Edmund FitzAlan b. 1 May 1285, d. 17 Nov 1326

Children

Mary FitzAlan+⁹ d. 1361
Alice FitzAlan² d. a 1373
Elizabeth FitzAlan+² d. 11 Mar 1384
Edmund FitzAlan⁵
Michael FitzAlan⁵
Katherine FitzAlan⁵
Aline FitzAlan⁵ d. 20 Jan 1385/86
Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan+^1,2,3,4 b. c 1313, d. 24 Jan 1375/76

Last Edited

10 Nov 2004

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-5.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cergeaux 10.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 9.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 5.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 31.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 32.
[S213] Chris Philips,Corrections to Complete Peerage, online http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/

Sir Edmund FitzAlan¹

M, #2054, b. 1 May 1285, d. 17 November 1326

Father*

Sir Richard FitzAlan^2,3,4,5,6 b. 3 Feb 1266/67, d. 9 Mar 1301/2

Mother*

Alasia de Saluzzo^2,3,4,6 b. c 1271, d. 25 Sep 1292

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

1 May 1285

Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England^3,7,4,8

Marriage*

1305

Her maritagium included the manors of High Roding, Margaretting, Ovesham Hall (in Matching), Prittlewell, and Woolston (in Chigwell), Essex., Principal=Alice de Warrenne^1,3,9,10,8

Death*

17 November 1326

Hereford, England, (beheaded) | without trial after being capured in Shropshire by the Queen's party. Later, he was attainted, losing all his honors and estates.^{1,3,4,11,8,12}

Burial*

Haughmond Abbey, Shropshire, England⁸

Title*

9th Earl of Arundel^5,8

DNB*

Fitzalan, Edmund, second earl of Arundel (1285-1326), magnate, born on 1 May 1285 at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, was the son of Richard (I) Fitzalan, first earl of Arundel (1267-1302), and Alasia (Alice), daughter of Thomas, marquess of Saluzzo in Piedmont (causing one chronicler to remark that he was descended from ‘the impious Lombards’). In 1302 his wardship and marriage were granted to John de Warenne, earl of Surrey (d. 1304), whose granddaughter Alice (the daughter of William (V) de Warenne) he married in 1305, after initially refusing her. He was granted seisin of his inheritance in April 1306, and knighted by Edward I on 22 May, along with the prince of Wales, the future Edward II.

Following Edward I's death Fitzalan witnessed Piers Gaveston's creation as earl of Cornwall on 6 August 1307, and at the new king's coronation on 25 February 1308 he acted as butler and bearer of the royal robes. He soon joined the opposition to Gaveston, however, failing to attend the Stamford parliament of 1309, and in the parliament of March 1310 he was chosen to be one of the twenty-one lords ordainer commissioned to reform the realm. When Gaveston returned from exile in January 1312, Fitzalan joined the league which swore to hunt him down, and in June he was one of the four earls present at Gaveston's trial in Warwick Castle, following which the favourite was summarily executed on nearby Blacklow Hill. Although formally pardoned by the king in 1313, Fitzalan remained disaffected; he refused to accompany the royal campaign to Scotland which ended in disaster at Bannockburn in June 1314, and was prevented by Edward II from acquiring the lordship of Caus from Sir Peter Corbet in 1315. He was also appointed to the commission of reform set up by the earl of Lancaster in February 1316. During the next year or two, however, perhaps disillusioned with Lancaster, he gradually returned to the king's side: on 19 November 1316 he was appointed warden of the Scottish march, apparently against Lancaster's wishes, and he helped to negotiate the treaty of Leake of August 1318, which temporarily healed the breach between Lancaster and the king, and in which he was nominated as one of the council to be about the king's person.

Fitzalan was with the king at the siege of Berwick in September 1319, and when the ‘Despenser war’ broke out in the following year, he declined to join the marcher coalition, so that in 1321 his castle at Clun was attacked by the Mortimers. By this time his adherence to the king's party had been sealed by the marriage, on 9 February 1321, at the king's manor of Havering atte Bower, of his eldest son, Richard, to Isabella, daughter of the younger Hugh Despenser. Although he agreed—out of fear, so he said—to the exile of the Despensers in August 1321, three months later, having taken part in the siege of Leeds Castle in October, he advised the clergy on the king's behalf to revoke the sentence. In the winter of 1321–2 he joined the royal campaign to crush the marcher rebellion. He was appointed justice of Wales on 5 January 1322, and persuaded the Mortimers to surrender in the same month; he agreed to the proclamation of Lancaster and his adherents as traitors on 11 March, and he was one of the judges who condemned Lancaster to death at Pontefract Castle on 22 March. Fitzalan was well rewarded for his loyalty with the forfeited estates of rebels, including the Mowbray lordships in the Isle of Axholme and the Mortimer lordship of Chirk, which bordered his patrimonial lordship of Oswestry. He took part in the Scottish campaign of 1322, remained justice of Wales until 1326, and had his reversionary right in the inheritance of John de Warenne, earl of Surrey, confirmed in the same year.

When the revolution of 1326 came, therefore, it was inevitable that Fitzalan would be one of Isabella and Mortimer's prime targets. He fled west with the king but was captured at Shrewsbury by John Charlton of Powys, taken to Queen Isabella at Hereford, and charged with being an accomplice of the Despensers, consenting to Lancaster's death, and plotting against the queen. He was beheaded—at Mortimer's insistence, so it was said—at Hereford on 17 November, by the hand of a worthless wretch (vilissimi ribaldi) who, according to the Llandaff chronicle, took twenty-two strokes to sever his head (BL, Cotton MS Nero A. iv, fol. 57v). His body was later removed to Haughmond Abbey, the traditional burial place of the Fitzalans. His considerable store of treasure was looted from Chichester Cathedral and the priory of the Holy Trinity in London, and much of it eventually found its way into Isabella's and Mortimer's coffers; he was convicted of treason and his heir disinherited. His castle and honour of Arundel, said to be worth £600 per annum, was given to the earl of Kent, and all his lands in Shropshire and north Wales to Roger Mortimer. He was survived by, probably, six children: Richard (II) Fitzalan, who succeeded to the earldom following Mortimer's downfall in 1330; Edmund and Michael, who both entered the church; Alice, who married John de Bohun, heir to the earldom of Hereford, in 1325; Aleyne, who married Roger Lestrange of Knockin (c.1338); and Jane, who is said to have married Lord Lisle.

Although Fitzalan is frequently criticized by historians for his changes of allegiance, these were far from untypical of the peerage during Edward II's troubled reign, and the accusations levelled against him after his death concerning his complicity in the ‘Despenser regime’ were the inevitable consequence of its circumstances. He provides, in fact, a rare example of Edward II's ability to win to his side, and retain the allegiance of, a magnate who had earlier opposed him.

C. Given-Wilson
Sources

CPR · Calendar of the fine rolls, 22 vols., PRO (1911–62) · CClR · RotP · J. R. Maddicott, Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: a study in the reign of Edward II (1970) · J. R. S. Phillips, Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, 1307–1324: baronial politics in the reign of Edward II (1972) · C. Given-Wilson, ‘Wealth and credit, public and private: the earls of Arundel, 1306–1397’, EngHR, 106 (1991), 1–26 · Shrewsbury Borough Library · PRO · BL · Arundel Castle archives, West Sussex · Shrops. RRC · GEC, Peerage [Arundel] · Knighton's chronicle, 1337–1396, ed. and trans. G. H. Martin, OMT (1995) [Lat. orig., Chronica de eventibus Angliae a tempore regis Edgari usque mortem regis Ricardi Secundi, with parallel Eng. text] · U. Rees, ed., The cartulary of Haughmond Abbey (1985)
Archives

Arundel Castle, West Sussex, family muniments · Shrewsbury Borough Library | Shrops. RRC, Acton of Aldenham collection; Powys collection

Wealth at death

approx. £10,000 in moveable goods; estates worth approx. £2000 (incl. forfeitures since 1322): Given-Wilson, ‘Wealth and credit’
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

C. Given-Wilson, ‘Fitzalan, Edmund, second earl of Arundel (1285-1326)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9529, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Edmund Fitzalan (1285-1326): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9529¹³

Arms*

Gu. A lion rampant or (4,5 Nob.).⁵

Name Variation

Sir Edmund de Arundel⁸

Event-Misc*

30 December 1304

Event-Misc*

15 April 1306

He had livery of his father's lands⁵

(Witness) Knighted

22 May 1306

The Festival of the Swans, Principal=Edward II Plantagenet^8,14

Summoned*

20 January 1307

Parliament¹¹

Event-Misc

24 April 1307

Pardon extended to him of £4,234 3s. 4 and 3/4 d., the remaining debts of his ancestors, the last two Earls have paind £1,012 3s. 8d of the same.¹¹

Event-Misc

24 February 1307/8

He officiated as Pincerna at the Coronation of Edward II¹⁵

(Witness) Crowned

25 February 1308

Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, King of England, Principal=Edward II Plantagenet^16,17,8,18

Event-Misc

17 March 1309

He sealed the Letter of Magnates re affairs of the church¹¹

Event-Misc

11 May 1310

He witnessed the delivery of the Great Seal to the King.¹¹

Event-Misc

17 July 1313

Safe conduct granted to him and his followers going about the realm, if without horses and arms.¹¹

Event-Misc

10 September 1313

He is forbidden to tourney or joust at Brackley¹¹

Event-Misc

9 February 1315

Having served in 34 Ed. I, has his scutage in 14 counties¹¹

Summoned

30 August 1315

join K. in the North with horses and arms to repel Scots.¹¹

Note

between 1316 and 1321

He opposed Piers de Gaveston, who had beaten him in a tournament. Later, in 1321, he changed sides and was one of the few barons supporting Edward II¹²

Event-Misc

12 March 1316

He is guardian of the Welsh Marches¹¹

Event-Misc

10 May 1317

He is warden of the Marches of Scotland, from the Trent to Roxburgh¹¹

Event-Misc

28 July 1317

Ordered to send 200 foot from Oswestry and Glun against the Scots¹¹

Event-Misc

10 February 1321

License granted for him to enfeoff John de Combe of Wenge, Blakewell and Dyvele Manors, with regrant to himself for life, and remainder to his son Richard and wife Isabella (d. of Hugh le Despenser, jun.), and heirs corp.¹¹

Event-Misc

8 June 1321

License granted to enfeoff John de Combe of High Rothing, Pritewell, Ouesham, Yenge Margarete, and Wolfhampton Manors, Ess., with regrant to himself and wife Alice and heirs¹¹

Event-Misc*

14 July 1322

K. grants Edmund FitzAlan houses, etc., in London, late of Bart. de Badlesmere, a rebel, Principal=Sir Bartholomew de Badlesmere¹¹

Event-Misc

1323

He was chief Justiciar of North and South Wales¹²

Event-Misc

10 June 1324

License for him and wife Alice to enclose and impark 50 acres of their Manor of Wolfhampton, Ess., within the forest, Principal=Alice de Warrenne¹¹

Event-Misc

12 February 1326

He told the King that the King's castles in Wales were insufficiently supplied with food, etc., and need 200 qrs. of wheat and beans, and 40 or 50 tuns of wine. A granary should be built in Carnarvon Castle, the town wall raised, and the gate repeaired which was burned. Exchequer is to survey and provide necessary things.¹¹

Event-Misc

10 May 1326

He is made captain of Array in Wales¹¹

Event-Misc

10 December 1326

Grant to Joan, Countess of Warenne, the crops, horses, and goods of Edm., E. of Arundel, in I. of Axholme, Lincs., forfeited to K.¹¹

Family

Alice de Warrenne b. bt 1285 - 1287, d. b 23 May 1338

Children

Mary FitzAlan+¹⁹ d. 1361
Alice FitzAlan³ d. a 1373
Elizabeth FitzAlan+³ d. 11 Mar 1384
Edmund FitzAlan⁸
Michael FitzAlan⁸
Katherine FitzAlan⁸
Aline FitzAlan^8,12 d. 20 Jan 1385/86
Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan+^1,3,9,10 b. c 1313, d. 24 Jan 1375/76

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 28-31.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 134-6.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 31.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 8.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p.36.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 9.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-5.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cergeaux 10.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 2, p. 32.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 111.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 84.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 110.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 5.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 4, p. 226.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 220.
[S213] Chris Philips,Corrections to Complete Peerage, online http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/

Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan^1,2

M, #2055, b. circa 1313, d. 24 January 1375/76

Father*

Sir Edmund FitzAlan^1,3,4,5 b. 1 May 1285, d. 17 Nov 1326

Mother*

Alice de Warrenne^1,3,4,5 b. bt 1285 - 1287, d. b 23 May 1338

Birth

1306

Arundel, Sussex, England³

Birth*

circa 1313

^1,6,5

Birth

circa 1314

Marriage*

9 February 1320/21

King's Chapel, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, England, Bride=Isabel le Despenser^{1,7,3,8,9,5,2}

Marriage*

5 February 1345

Ditton, Buckinghamshire, England, by papal dispensation, they being related in the 4th and 4th degrees, Bride=Eleanor de Lancaster^10,3,6,5,2

Death*

24 January 1375/76

Arundel, Sussex, England^1,3,6,5,2

Burial*

Lewes Priory, Sussex, England^3,5,2

Feudal*

Castle of Arundel, Oswestry, Shropshire²

Arms*

Arundel quartering Warenne: 1 and 4, Gules, a lion rampant or, 2 and 3, Checquy or and azure²

Name Variation

Richard de Arundel²

Occupation*

Justiciar of North Wales¹

Note*

After their marriage, her father settled the manors of Keevil, Witshire, and Wing and Blakewell, Buckinghamshire on them and their issue, Principal=Isabel le Despenser²

Title

December 1331

10th Earl of Arundel²

Event-Misc*

1337

He claimed the Stewardship of Scotland, by grant of Edward Baliol²

Title*

between 1340 and 1347

Admiral of the West⁵

Living*

4 December 1344

⁸

Annulment

4 December 1344

their offspring was bastardized, Principal=Isabel le Despenser²

Annulment*

4 December 1344

by the Pope on grounds of his minority and lack of consent, Principal=Isabel le Despenser

Event-Misc

26 August 1346

the Battle of Crécy, He led the 2nd division²

Event-Misc

1347

He was present at the fall of Calais²

Event-Misc

1347

Richard FitzAlan was heir to his uncle, John de Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey, Principal=Sir John de Warenne²

Event-Misc

1359

He loaned £2000 to Edward the Black Prince, secured by the gold crown and star of the French king.²

Event-Misc

1361

On the death of Joan of Bar, widow of his uncle, he assume the title of Earl of Surrey²

Family 1

Child

Eleanor FitzAlan; bastard by unknown mistress²

Family 2

Isabel le Despenser b. 1312

Child

Sir Edmund FitzAlan^3,11,5 b. c 1327, d. a 1377

Family 3

Eleanor de Lancaster b. c 1312, d. 1372

Children

Sir John de Arundel+³ b. c 1338, d. 15 Dec 1379
Joan FitzAlan+³ b. 1344, d. 17 Apr 1419
Sir Richard FitzAlan K.G. b. 1346, d. 21 Sep 1397; bastard^3,12
Alice FitzAlan+³ b. c 1352, d. 17 Mar 1916
Thomas FitzAlan² b. c 1352, d. 19 Feb 1413/14

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 10.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-5.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cergeaux 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 121-6.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-31.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-6.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 11.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 60-32.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 134-8.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 60-33.

Isabel le Despenser¹

F, #2056, b. 1312

Father*

Sir Hugh le Despenser^1,2,3,4 d. 24 Nov 1326

Mother*

Eleanor de Clare^1,2,4 b. Oct 1292, d. 30 Jun 1337

Birth*

1312

^2,4

Birth

circa 1313

⁵

Birth

circa 1314

Marriage*

9 February 1320/21

King's Chapel, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, England, 1st=Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan^{1,6,2,7,4,8,5}

Note*

After their marriage, her father settled the manors of Keevil, Witshire, and Wing and Blakewell, Buckinghamshire on them and their issue, Principal=Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan⁵

Annulment

4 December 1344

their offspring was bastardized, Principal=Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan⁵

Annulment*

4 December 1344

by the Pope on grounds of his minority and lack of consent, Principal=Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan

Living*

1351

⁵

Family

Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan b. c 1313, d. 24 Jan 1375/76

Child

Sir Edmund FitzAlan^2,9,8 b. c 1327, d. a 1377

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-5.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 11.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 10.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-31.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-6.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cergeaux 10.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 35-7.

Sir Hugh le Despenser¹

M, #2057, d. 24 November 1326

Father*

Sir Hugh le Despenser b. 1 Mar 1260/61, d. 27 Oct 1326; son and heir^2,3,6,5,7

Mother*

Isabel de Beauchamp^2,3,4,5 b. c 1268, d. b 30 May 1306

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Marriage*

shortly after 14 Jun 1306

Westminster, Middlesex, England, 1st=Eleanor de Clare^{1,8,3,9,4,5,7}

Death*

24 November 1326

Hereford, Herefordshire, England, |he was hanged on a 50 foot high gallows, drawn, and quartered by order of the Queen. His head was placed on a spike on London Bridge. The quarters were hung at Dover, Bristol, York, and Newcastle.^{10,11,12,3,4,5,13}

Burial*

1330

Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England, (his remains were collected)^3,5,7

Note*

He was the favorite and most likely the homosexual partner of King Edward II after the death of Piers Gaveston.¹³

Title

Earl of Gloucester¹⁴

DNB

Despenser, Hugh, the younger, first Lord Despenser (d. 1326), administrator and royal favourite, was the son of Hugh Despenser the elder (1261-1326) and his wife, Isabel (d. 1306), widow of Payn Chaworth and daughter of William de Beauchamp, earl of Warwick (d. 1296). His parents had married by 1287, and Hugh was old enough to be knighted by the prince of Wales on 22 May 1306. In the same year Edward I purchased his marriage for £2000 and arranged for him to wed Eleanor de Clare (d. 1337), eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester (d. 1295), and the king's own granddaughter. At the outset of the reign of Edward II the younger Despenser does not seem to have possessed substantial property—on 14 May 1309 Edward II granted him the manor of Sutton in Norfolk, formerly a templar property, in order to make up his income to £200 per annum. In the following year his father provided him with several manors in Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, and Essex from the inheritance of his own mother, Alina Basset. In 1313 he accompanied the king to France, and at this time he received the wardship and marriage of William Huntingfield, a grant that was contested unsuccessfully by Thomas of Lancaster (d. 1322), and that may have been one source of their later enmity. His prospects were greatly enhanced by the death of his brother-in-law, Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, at Bannockburn on 24 June 1314. But although the earl's widow, Matilda, received her dower lands in December, the division of the Clare lands among the earl's three sisters could not take place immediately as the widowed countess claimed to be pregnant. In May 1315, tired of waiting, Despenser seized Tonbridge Castle in Kent. The castle was held by the Clares of the archbishop of Canterbury, and, despite equivocation on Despenser's part, it had to be returned to the archbishop. Nevertheless, this episode seems to be indicative of the avaricious and violent tendencies that Despenser was later to demonstrate so frequently.

Surprisingly, perhaps, the younger Despenser makes his first appearance as a witness in the charter rolls of Edward II only on 14 May 1316 (although as early as 17 July 1314 his father is specifically referred to therein as Hugh Despenser, senior), after which date he appears occasionally until February 1319. Thereafter he and the king were virtually inseparable until July 1321, when the Despensers, father and son, were sent into exile. In part Despenser's increased proximity to the king can be attributed to his appointment as chamberlain of the king's household at the York parliament of October 1318. The office of chamberlain was associated by contemporaries with Edward II's earlier favourite, Piers Gaveston, who had been executed by a coalition of barons in 1312. Certainly this office provided Despenser with ready access to the king, and, like Gaveston, Despenser would soon be accused of denying others, including the queen herself, access to the king. There seems to be far less basis for suspecting any homosexual relationship between the king and Despenser than had been the case with Gaveston, but there can be little doubt of Edward's growing confidence in and dependence upon his new favourite. In any case, by 1317 the younger Despenser had become an important magnate by virtue of his wife's inheritance. The apportionment had been long delayed, first by the rising of Llywelyn Bren in Glamorgan in 1316, and later by the need to find suitable husbands for Eleanor de Clare's younger sisters. Margaret, widow of Piers Gaveston, married Hugh Audley in April 1317, and Elizabeth, widow of John de Burgh, son of the earl of Ulster, married Roger Damory in May 1317. In November 1317 the settlement of the Clare lands was at last finalized, the Despenser share being valued at some £1500, the vast majority of which was located in Wales. Almost at once Despenser set about consolidating his hold over the Clare lands, and not only his own. Before Hugh Audley could obtain formal seisin of Gwynllw^g, Despenser had already taken the homage and fealty of tenants there, and despite royal intervention on Audley's behalf, Despenser managed to hold on to this valuable parcel of land. Indeed, within a year he was able to obtain confirmation of his lordship in exchange for some less valuable manors elsewhere, and he was also confirmed in a life interest in the castle of Dryslwyn and the lordship of Cantref Mawr.

Despenser's acquisitive tendencies soon led to war. Tensions in the kingdom mounted between 1318 and 1321, aided by the ignominious failure of the Scottish campaign of 1319, but largely fuelled by Despenser's activity in the Welsh march. A confrontation was occasioned by Despenser's entry into the dispute over the lordship of Gower, which William (VII) de Briouze was proposing to sell. In this he aroused the enmity of a broad coalition of marcher lords, including Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, earl of Hereford, Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, John (I) Mowbray, Maurice Berkeley, and Hugh Audley. In October 1320 Mowbray, the son-in-law of William de Briouze, entered Gower without royal licence and was challenged by Despenser. Hereford took the lead for the marcher lords, defending the custom of the marches, but Edward took Gower into his own hands in December. Despite injunctions from the king to abstain from illegal assemblies, the marchers and other disgruntled magnates, including the earl of Lancaster, met to weigh their options, and on 4 May 1321 they attacked the Despenser lands. On 8 May 1321 Newport fell, followed by Cardiff on the 9th, and Gower on the 13th. The devastation of the Despenser lands was thorough. In August the marchers met with the king in parliament in London and laid their charges against the Despensers. The catalogue of charges is reminiscent of those brought against Piers Gaveston earlier in the reign: encroaching on the royal power; denying access to the king except in their presence; replacing good officials with corrupt ones; misappropriating templar properties. The younger Despenser was even charged with murder, in the execution of Llwelyn Bren after his rebellion. On 14 August, having been advised by the earl of Pembroke that there was no alternative, Edward II agreed in parliament to the exile of the Despensers, and on 20 August he pardoned the barons for their attack on them.

Rather than ending hostilities, the exile from England of the Despensers led to far greater bloodshed. While the younger Despenser tried his hand at piracy in the channel, attacking a Genoese ship, killing its crew and seizing its cargo, and attacking Southampton, the king opened an offensive against the baronial opposition by besieging Bartholomew Badlesmere's castle of Leeds in Kent. The marchers did not relieve it, and when it fell on 31 October the king had the garrison and its commander executed. Next he sought the recall of the Despensers through a convocation summoned to Canterbury in December. He obtained the answer he sought, and on 8 December he recalled the Despensers. Soon afterwards he set out for the Welsh march, supported by the earls of Pembroke, Arundel, Warenne, and Richmond, and a coalition of Welsh lords. This was perhaps the most successful military undertaking of Edward II's entire reign. In January and February 1322 many of the marchers surrendered. The rest retreated to join their ally the earl of Lancaster. As the king moved north, joined by Despenser at Lichfield on 2 March, the barons retreated before him, and on 16 March 1322 were defeated by royalist forces at Boroughbridge. Hereford was killed in the battle, and Lancaster was captured the next day. On 22 March he was executed, and many more were to follow. The baronial opposition was crushed, while royal power was correspondingly reasserted.

The period between 1322 and 1326 saw Despenser's wealth, power, and influence reach their zenith. Both son and father were ubiquitous at court, as is apparent in the charter rolls, which also attest to their territorial aggrandizement during this period of confiscations, fines, and near anarchy at the local level. During these years—and in this they acted as they had done before the crisis of 1321—the Despensers, and particularly the younger Hugh, built up a network of retainers who also served as royal officers, and by exploiting the potentialities of this ‘double allegiance’ they were able to exert tremendous influence across the realm. Their victims could have little hope of redress, when royal agents of justice were also agents of the Despensers. This revealed itself most clearly in the seizure and subsequent administration of lands forfeited by the king's opponents. The younger Despenser used a combination of royal favour, legal manipulation, and outright force to consolidate his holdings in Wales and the marches, so that by the time of his death his lands were valued at no less than £7000. The bullying tactics he employed against such vulnerable victims as Elizabeth Damory (widow of Hugh Audley), Alice, countess of Lancaster (widow of Thomas, earl of Lancaster), and Mary, countess of Pembroke (widow of Aymer de Valence), are well documented. His lavish expenditures at Caerphilly Castle and Tewkesbury Abbey have left enduring monuments to his exalted stature during these years. Even so, the contrariants continued to seek redress against Despenser's aggressive policy of self-advancement, and with the continuing failure of English arms, both in Scotland and in Gascony, discontent with the royal government continued to grow. Despenser himself seems to have been aware of the hatred increasingly felt for him, since he complained to the pope that he was being threatened by black magic.

Militarily the so-called War of St Sardos in 1323–5 may have been a minor affair, but for Edward II and the Despensers it turned out to have incalculable consequences. The king's inability or unwillingness to leave the country prevented a negotiated settlement to this conflict. In March 1325 he sent his wife, Isabella, sister of the French king, Charles IV, as his mediator. The author of the contemporary Vita Edwardi secundi sagely remarked that ‘she will not (so many think) return until Hugh Despenser is wholly removed from the king's side’ (Vita, 135). The settlement arranged by the queen called for Edward II to perform homage for English lands in France, but he was afterwards allowed to send his heir in his stead. However, neither the queen nor the prince returned to England following his performance of homage. In January 1326 Queen Isabella wrote to Bishop John Stratford (d. 1348) saying that she would not return until the Despensers had been removed from the court. In May 1326 two legates arrived in England with a pair of papal letters for the younger Despenser. The first called on him to assist in reconciling the king and queen, while the second, more generally, asked that he seek to foster better relations. Essentially, the letters were calling for Despenser to step aside in order to facilitate Isabella's return. But Edward II had the legates arrested, and after he had interviewed them in Dover Castle, they left the country without publishing their letters.

Despite elaborate preparations for defence of the realm on the king's behalf, the queen's invasion in September 1326 was virtually unopposed. The earl of Norfolk, Edward II's half-brother, was charged with the defence of the east coast, but he went over at once to the queen's side. His actions may have been prompted by a personal grievance against Despenser, who had coerced him into surrendering the lordship of Chepstow on very poor terms. But Norfolk's defection was representative of a much larger problem for Despenser and the king. As recent studies by Saul and Waugh have convincingly demonstrated, the Despenser administrative machine was widespread, but thinly rooted. The value of the sheriff's office, for instance, appears to have been insufficiently appreciated, and oaths of allegiance, when taken only as a means of obtaining access to crown patronage, did little to strengthen the Despensers' cause once it began to fail. The king and Despenser abandoned London on 2 October and headed west, towards Despenser's lands and the Welsh allies who had served Edward so well in 1321–2. Bristol fell to Isabella on 26 October, when king and favourite were at Cardiff. From there they travelled to Caerphilly, which was left in charge of Despenser's eldest son, Hugh. After moving west to Margam and then Neath, on 16 November the king and Despenser with a small entourage were taken prisoner near Neath, or perhaps Llantrisant, by Henry of Lancaster, earl of Leicester, and Rhys ap Howel, a marcher lord connected to the Bohun earls of Hereford. Despenser was taken to Hereford. Outside the city he was stripped and then reclothed with his arms reversed, and he was crowned with stinging nettles. Condemned to death as a traitor, on 24 November 1326 he was drawn on a hurdle to the gallows, and then hanged from a height of 50 feet. Still alive, he was cut down and eviscerated before finally being beheaded. His head was displayed on London Bridge; his quarters were sent to Bristol, Dover, York, and Newcastle. In December 1330 Eleanor de Clare received royal permission to collect her husband's bones and inter them in Tewkesbury Abbey.

The younger Despenser was responsible for the remodelling of Tewkesbury Abbey church, work subsequently completed by his widow and their son Hugh. It has been convincingly argued that this building programme was meant to produce a grandiose family mausoleum that would glorify the house of Despenser. The younger Despenser is represented in stained glass in the north window of the west bay between Robert fitz Hamon (d. 1107), founder of the abbey, and on the other side Gilbert de Clare, first earl of Gloucester (d. 1230) in the Clare family, and Henry I's illegitimate son Robert, the first lord of Tewkesbury to bear the title earl of Gloucester. Even more impressive as a symbol of his aspirations is the depiction of Despenser among the lords of Tewkesbury in paradise, in the arch of the choir and sanctuary.

J. S. Hamilton
Sources

N. Fryde, The tyranny and fall of Edward II, 1321–1326 (1979) · N. Saul, ‘The Despensers and the downfall of Edward II’, EngHR, 99 (1984), 1–33 · S. Waugh, For king, country, and patron: the Despensers and local administration, 1321–22 · R. Morris, ‘Tewkesbury Abbey: the Despenser mausoleum’, Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, 93 (1974), 142–55 · PRO, C 53; E 142/33 · J. R. S. Phillips, Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, 1307–1324: baronial politics in the reign of Edward II (1972) · N. Denholm-Young, ed. and trans., Vita Edwardi secundi (1957) · W. Stubbs, ed., Chronicles of the reigns of Edward I and Edward II, 2 vols., Rolls Series, 76 (1882–3) · GEC, Peerage · CPR · CClR · Calendar of the charter rolls, 6 vols., PRO (1903–27)
Likenesses

stained-glass window, Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire [see illus.]
Wealth at death

£7000: Fryde, Tyranny; PRO, E 142/33
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

J. S. Hamilton, ‘Despenser, Hugh, the younger, first Lord Despenser (d. 1326)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7554, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Hugh Despenser the younger (d. 1326): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7554¹⁵

Arms*

Argent quartered with gules fretty or on a bend sable over all⁷

Knighted*

22 May 1306

with the Prince of Wales^16,14

(Witness) Knighted

22 May 1306

The Festival of the Swans, Principal=Edward II Plantagenet^17,13

Event-Misc

14 June 1306

Grant to Hugh fil. Hugh le D., about to marry K's niece Eleanor, d. of Gilbert, E. of Gloucester, £2000 from custodies and marriages of heirs or widows. Hugh le D., sen., will give to him £200 p.a. for life from his lands (P.R.)¹⁴

Event-Misc

1313

He accompanied the King to Pontoise⁷

Summoned*

between 29 July 1314 and 10 October 1325

Parliament^5,7

Note

November 1317

From Nov 1317, he became very powerful at court. The King seized the lordship of gower in Wales to confer upon Hugh. Other Marcher Barons were angered and joined a coalition against Hugh. His rule in Glamorgan was very unpopular with the Welsh.⁷

Event-Misc*

14 August 1321

Hugh sen. and jun. were banished by Parliament., Principal=Sir Hugh le Despenser⁷

Event-Misc

19 August 1321

exiled and disinherited, but with the consent of Edward II, engaged in piracy from the Cinque Ports. Was reestablished with grants from the lands of the rebels after the Battle of Boroughbridge⁵

Event-Misc*

between 1322 and 1326

He was the most powerful man in England, including the King. He accumulated massive wealth through violence and corruption.⁷

Event-Misc*

1 November 1322

He is to arrest disturbers of peace in Glou., Worc., and Here. He is made Custos of Gloucester Caslte, town, and barton under Hugh le Despenser, jun., Principal=Sir Gilbert Talbot¹⁸

Event-Misc

1324

He complained to the Pope that he was threatened by magical and secret dealings, and was advised to turn to God and make a good confession. Robert le Mareschal accused thirty inhabitants of Coventry of having employed Despenser and John de Notingham, a necromacer, who then made images of some enemies, one of which died after his image was pierced by a lead pin in the head and heart. Everyone but the necromancer was acquitted.¹³

Event-Misc

September 1326

Queen Isabel invaded England with 700 mercenaries from Hainalt. Edward II was deposed with the Despensers.⁷

Event-Misc

16 November 1326

Llantrisant, Glamorgan, Wales, He and the King were captured, Witness=Edward II Plantagenet^7,13

Title*

Baron Despenser¹⁰

Family

Eleanor de Clare b. Oct 1292, d. 30 Jun 1337

Children

Sir Edward le Despenser+^10,19,5 d. 30 Sep 1342
Elizabeth le Despenser^20,5 d. 13 Jul 1389
Sir Gilbert le Despenser⁷
John le Despenser⁷
Joan le Despenser⁷
Eleanor le Despenser⁷
Margaret le Despenser⁷
Sir Hugh le Despenser¹³ b. c 1308, d. 8 Feb 1348/49
Isabel le Despenser+^1,3,9,5 b. 1312

Last Edited

24 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 74-31.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-6.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 11.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-5.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Despenser 7.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-30.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-5.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 74-32.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-31.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 84.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 279.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 9.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 3.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-7.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28B-8.

Eleanor de Clare¹

F, #2058, b. October 1292, d. 30 June 1337

Father*

Sir Gilbert de Clare "the Red"^1,2,3,4 b. 2 Sep 1243, d. 7 Dec 1295

Mother*

Joan of Acre^2,5,4 b. Spring 1272, d. 23 Apr 1307

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

October 1292

Caerphilly Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales^6,2,3,4,7

Marriage*

shortly after 14 Jun 1306

Westminster, Middlesex, England, Groom=Sir Hugh le Despenser^{1,8,2,3,9,4,7}

Marriage*

circa February 1329

Groom=Sir William la Zouche Mortimer^8,3,4,7

Death*

30 June 1337

^6,10,2,3,4,7

Name Variation

Alianore¹⁰

Event-Misc*

1314

Eleanor was co-heiress to her brother Gilbert, Principal=Sir Gilbert de Clare⁷

Event-Misc*

22 April 1328

Her inheritance was restored to her, which was taken at the execution of her husband, Hugh le Despenser⁷

Event-Misc

shortly before 29 Jan 1328/9

Eleanor was abducted from Hanley castle, Worcestershire by Sir William la Zouche Mortimer, whom she subsequently married sine lic.⁷

Criminal*

5 February 1328/29

ordered arrested, Principal=Sir William la Zouche Mortimer¹¹

Event-Misc

22 February 1329/30

She was pardoned on £5000 fine, and restored to her lands (she was not able to pay off the fine during her lifetime).¹¹

Protection*

1332

over seas with Princess Eleanor for her marriage to Renaud, Count of Guelders¹¹

Family 1

Sir William la Zouche Mortimer b. a 1274, d. 28 Feb 1336/37

Children

William de Mortimer⁷
Hugh de Mortimer⁷

Family 2

Sir Hugh le Despenser d. 24 Nov 1326

Children

Sir Edward le Despenser+^10,4 d. 30 Sep 1342
Elizabeth le Despenser^12,4 d. 13 Jul 1389
Sir Gilbert le Despenser⁷
John le Despenser⁷
Joan le Despenser⁷
Eleanor le Despenser⁷
Margaret le Despenser⁷
Sir Hugh le Despenser¹³ b. c 1308, d. 8 Feb 1348/49
Isabel le Despenser+^1,2,4 b. 1312

Last Edited

30 Oct 2004

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-5.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 11.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-4.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Despenser 7.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-30.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 14-6.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 74-32.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Tony 8.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28B-8.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 84.

Sir Gilbert de Clare "the Red"^1,2

M, #2059, b. 2 September 1243, d. 7 December 1295

Father*

Sir Richard de Clare^3,4,5 b. 4 Aug 1222, d. 15 Jul 1262

Mother*

Maud de Lacy^3,6,4,5 b. 4 Aug 1222, d. b 10 Mar 1288/89

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

2 September 1243

Christchurch, Hampshire, England^7,2,6,5,8,9

Marriage*

Spring 1253

Bride=Alice de Lusignan^2,6,5,9

Divorce

18 July 1271

Principal=Alice de Lusignan⁹

Divorce*

before 16 May 1285

Alice was said to have become hypochondriacal in 1271, Principal=Alice de Lusignan^5,8

Marriage*

circa 30 April 1290

Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, 1st=Joan of Acre^{7,10,6,11,5,9}

Death*

7 December 1295

Monmouth Castle, Wales^7,2,6,12,5,9

Burial*

Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire, England^6,5,9

DNB*

Clare, Gilbert de [called Gilbert the Red], seventh earl of Gloucester and sixth earl of Hertford (1243-1295), magnate, was born at Christchurch, Dorset, on 2 September 1243, the eldest son of Richard de Clare, earl of Hertford and earl of Gloucester (1222-1262), and his second wife, Maud (d. 1288/9), daughter of John de Lacy, earl of Lincoln (d. 1240). The Clares owed their leading position in the English nobility to royal favour, inheritance, and profitable marriages. Ambitious to increase his family's standing still further, and encouraged by Henry III, who wished to strengthen relations between the crown and the nobility, Earl Richard arranged in 1252 the marriage of Gilbert to the king's niece Alice, daughter of Hugues de Lusignan, count of La Marche and Angoulême, and Yolande, daughter of Pierre Mauclerc, duke of Brittany, for a dowry of 5000 marks. In the spring of the following year Earl Richard and William de Valence, the king's half-brother, accompanied Gilbert, by then nine, to Poitou to solemnize the marriage. Whether he was educated at home, or in the household of the king or another magnate is not recorded, whereas his younger brothers, Thomas de Clare (1244x7-1287) and Bogo de Clare (1248-1294), who entered the church, are known to have studied at Oxford (1257–9).
Rebellion, 1263–1264
After the death of Richard de Clare, a leading member of the baronial government imposed on the king in the provisions of Oxford of 1258, on 15 July 1262, Henry III took his vast estates and lordships in England, Wales, and Ireland into his own hands, and appointed keepers including Humphrey (IV) de Bohun, earl of Hereford (d. 1275), who had charge of Glamorgan and Usk to protect the southern march from possible attack by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales. Although Gilbert de Clare was not quite nineteen years of age, he hoped to secure immediate seisin of his inheritance, but the king, who had regained power, had no wish to surrender control of the valuable rights of wardship. Despite the intercession of William de Valence, Clare had difficulty in securing even an audience, and much to his indignation his claim was rebuffed. He was further incensed when the king ordered an investigation into the royal franchises which he asserted Earl Richard had usurped. What drove him into outright opposition, however, was the manner in which he considered Henry III had abused his royal rights of overlordship by his allocation of excessive dower to Richard de Clare's widow, Maud. Early in 1263 she was assigned the castles of Usk and Trelleck, Monmouthshire, the third penny of the county of Hertford, and the castle, manor, and honour court of Clare with other manors, thus depriving Clare of two strategically important marcher fortresses, a symbol of his comital dignity and the administrative centre of one of his English honours.

In March 1263 Gilbert de Clare refused to do homage to Henry III's heir, the Lord Edward, at Westminster, and in May he joined Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, at an assembly at Oxford which successfully demanded that the king should observe the provisions of Oxford, and denounced all opponents as mortal enemies. In July and August he secured seisin of his father's lands in return for a fine of £1000. Nevertheless, angered perhaps by Montfort's refusal to agree to the surrender of the castles assigned in dower to his mother, Clare may then have allied briefly with the king (he was certainly summoned to attend him at Windsor in October 1263), but in December he conspicuously refused to support either of the contending sides when they sought the arbitration of Louis IX. Despite claims that Clare's mother persuaded him to support the reformers after Louis repudiated the provisions, he seems to have been still uncommitted on the eve of the civil war. It was only after the king captured Northampton on 5 April 1264 that he led an attack on the Jews of Canterbury and joined Montfort in the siege of Rochester. Shortly afterwards the king occupied Clare's castle at Tonbridge, Kent, but released Countess Alice because of her royal connections. Clare accompanied Montfort on his march to Lewes, and after their final peace overtures had been rejected, they were both declared enemies of the king. On 14 May Clare (together with his younger brother Thomas) was knighted on the field of Lewes by Montfort, and such was his standing that, although young and untried, he commanded in the centre in the battle in which, according to one tradition, the king insisted on surrendering to him.
Triumvir, 1264–1265
Following the rebels' victory Gilbert de Clare, as the most powerful man in the kingdom next to Montfort, became in June 1264, one of the triumvirate empowered to appoint the council of nine whose advice the king was required to follow. Initially he also received a stream of grants including custody of the lands of three important supporters of the king: the lordship and castle of Pembroke belonging to William de Valence on 6 June, the estates of John de Warenne, earl of Surrey (d. 1304), except the castles of Lewes and Reigate, on 20 June, and the lands of the queen's uncle, Peter of Savoy, on 10 July 1264. He was also given formal livery of the lands he had inherited from his father when he came of age in September 1264. Clare was excommunicated on 20 October by the papal legate Guy Foulquois and his lands placed under an interdict for his continued defiance, and he probably joined Montfort in the two campaigns which forced the marchers released after Lewes to submit.

Towards the end of the year, however, he complained increasingly about Montfort's lavish grants to his sons, his use of foreign knights, his unfair distribution of the ransoms of loyalists, and, most of all, his autocratic rule. Fearing for his own safety after the arrest of Robert de Ferrers, earl of Derby (d. 1279), and alleging that Llywelyn was ravaging his lands, Clare fled to the marches in February 1265, and refused to attend a tournament arranged for Northampton on 20 April. A settlement was patched up on 12 May and a week later Montfort denied that there was any discord between them, but hope of a reconciliation disappeared after Clare made an abortive attempt to seize the king and the earl on their way to Hereford, and the Lord Edward escaped from detention there on 28 May with the aid of Clare's brother, Thomas, whom Montfort had ill-advisedly allowed to remain a member of the prince's household. Gilbert de Clare, Roger Mortimer, a powerful marcher baron often at odds with him, and Edward then gathered at Ludlow, Shropshire, where the prince undertook to uphold the good old laws of the kingdom, to abolish evil customs, and to rule through natives. Montfort responded by proclaiming Clare a rebel, and negotiating an agreement with Llywelyn on 19 June at Pipton-on-Wye, Powys, which threatened Clare's power in south Wales. After his ships destroyed the vessels in which Montfort had hoped to escape across the Severn, Clare joined Edward in the overnight march of 31 July to 1 August, which resulted in the defeat of the Montfortians outside Kenilworth Castle. Gilbert de Clare commanded one of the divisions at the decisive battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265, which caused Montfort to exclaim, alluding to Clare's nickname (which derived from the colour of his hair), ‘this red dog will eat us today’ (Continuatio chronici Willelmi de Novoburgo, 547).
Gilbert de Clare and the end of the civil war
In the confusion that followed Montfort's defeat and death, Gilbert de Clare's officials temporarily occupied or looted over 160 properties in England, far more than were seized by any other magnate, and usurped further franchises throughout his estates. At a parliament held at Winchester on 8 September Clare allegedly supported the decision to confiscate the lands of the rebels, and later he opposed the offer of terms to Simon de Montfort the younger, against whom he seems to have had a grudge. He was absolved by the pope and pardoned by the king for supporting Montfort on 6 and 9 October respectively, and early in 1266 he participated in Edward's campaign against the Cinque Ports, at Winchelsea intervening to save the life of a man whom Edward wished to hang, in the hope of securing the surrender of others. Meanwhile, in October 1265, despite Mortimer's objections Clare had been granted custody of the lordship of Brecon during the minority of Humphrey (VI) de Bohun, grandson of the earl of Hereford, and in February 1266 he was pardoned £900 of the fine he had made to have seisin of his lands in 1263 while under age ‘in part compensation of his damages and losses in the king's service’ (CPR, 1258–66, 553).

Even so, relations between Gilbert de Clare and Henry III again deteriorated. In the spring of 1266, when Clare brought a suit against his mother to secure some of the lands assigned to her, the king took Glamorgan into royal custody and did not release it until November. Moreover, when the king distributed the lands of the dispossessed rebels, he failed to reward Clare adequately for his decisive part in Montfort's overthrow. Lacking, therefore, a vested interest in the territorial settlement, and feeling perhaps renewed sympathy for former associates he had helped to disinherit, Clare joined the other members of the committee that drew up the dictum of Kenilworth on 31 October 1266 in decreeing that the rebels should be allowed to repurchase their lands by fines related to their part in the rebellion. When the dictum failed to bring peace, Clare concluded that the rebels would only submit if they were granted a further concession: immediate seisin of their lands pending payment of their fines. He also become deeply suspicious of the growing influence at court of Roger Mortimer, whom he even accused of plotting his death.

By January 1267, when a new, less generous dower settlement for Maud was agreed, rumours were already circulating that dissension had again broken out between Clare and Edward. The following month he failed to attend a parliament at Bury St Edmunds, and instead denounced the king's failure to remove aliens from his government, and insisted on the restitution of their lands to the disinherited. When the king rejected his demands, Clare suddenly occupied London on 8 April 1267 and was joined by many rebels from their base in the Isle of Ely. As Henry began preparations for a siege of the city, his brother Richard, earl of Cornwall, and others intervened to bring the two sides together. By the terms of the peace agreed in mid-June, the king promised to ask the grantees to restore their lands to the disinherited, and Clare undertook to withdraw from the city and was given an amnesty. As surety for his future conduct he agreed to offer 10,000 marks, which the pope later doubled in addition to requiring him to surrender custody of either his eldest daughter or Tonbridge Castle for three years. Within weeks the civil war had come to an end.
Relations with Edward
Gilbert de Clare and the royal family now tried to effect a reconciliation. On 24 June 1268 he took the cross with Edward at Northampton and agreed to accompany him on his crusade. Soon afterwards, at the instance of the prince, Henry III waived the requirement that Clare should surrender either his daughter or Tonbridge Castle as security for his future conduct. As a further mark of goodwill, in October 1268 Clare was allowed to revive family claims to the town and castle of Bristol, long in the possession of the crown, on condition that if he was successful, Edward could retain it provided he gave Clare reasonable compensation.

These improved relations were short-lived. Clare believed that the treaty of Montgomery (25 September 1267) between Henry III and Llywelyn threatened his attempts to bring the Welsh rulers of upland Glamorgan under his authority. His anger increased in May 1269, when Henry III challenged his possession of the manors of Portland and Wyke, Dorset, which the baronial council had committed to Richard de Clare in 1258. Clare's reaction was to refuse to attend parliaments or to be present at Henry's ceremony for the translation of Edward the Confessor at Westminster on 13 October 1269.

As the deadline for Edward's departure approached, it became clear that, despite the urgings of Louis IX who summoned him to Paris in February 1270 to discuss the dispute, Clare was refusing to go. Richard of Cornwall again agreed to arbitrate and on 27 May announced a settlement by which Clare was to join the crusade in the passage of March 1271. He would receive 8000 marks if he co-operated with Edward in the Holy Land, and 2000 marks if he led an independent force. Clare was to surrender the castles of Tonbridge and Hanley, Worcestershire, as surety for his departure, and he was threatened with a fine of 20,000 marks and possible excommunication if these terms were broken. The king for his part undertook to do right to Clare and Llywelyn ‘according to the laws and customs of the March’ (Raine, 29). Clare claimed that the award was biased against him and that in any case he was in debt. So although Edward left on crusade on 20 August 1270, Clare failed to fulfil his vow. Rumours of Edward's amorous interest in Countess Alice, who was already estranged from her husband by 1267, may have deepened the two men's mutual distrust and contributed to Clare's and Alice's formal separation in July 1271.

Nevertheless Clare behaved co-operatively during Edward's absence on crusade, no doubt because he was preoccupied with consolidating his authority in Glamorgan and building his impressive castle at Caerphilly, begun in 1268. Clare's links with the royal family were further strengthened on 6 October 1272 when his younger sister Margaret (1250–1312) was married, unhappily as it eventually turned out, to Edmund, son and heir of Richard of Cornwall. As Henry III lay dying at Westminster on 16 November 1272, Clare was summoned to his bedside and undertook to maintain the peace and to do all in his power to protect the kingdom for Edward. Following the king's funeral he took the lead in swearing fealty to the new king before the high altar of Westminster Abbey, and he intervened decisively to settle a dispute in London over the mayoralty. When Edward I returned to England in August 1274, Clare entertained him at Tonbridge, and he may have carried one of the ceremonial swords of state at his coronation, which he attended with a retinue of 100 knights.
Later life, relations with Edward I, and death
In Edward I Gilbert de Clare faced a masterful and devious monarch who was intent on increasing the wealth and power of the crown. His claims to Bristol were dismissed in 1276, and in 1279–80 the king began a systematic attack on his alleged usurpation of franchises. It is indicative that he was considered the chief offender that he was the only magnate for whom a separate list of appropriations was drawn up covering twenty counties in southern England. Clare was outraged, and two sources even claim that it was he, not John de Warenne, who, when challenged about his franchises, waved a rusty sword crying ‘Here is my warrant’ (Sutherland, 82 n. 2). Relations between the two men did not break down completely, however, because although Edward recovered many franchises, his real aim was to make clear that the exercise of such rights was a delegation of royal authority.

Edward also needed Clare's considerable resources for his Welsh wars. Clare accompanied the king on his campaign in north Wales in 1277, and was thanked for his ‘immense labours and expenses’ (CClR, 1272–9, 435). In April 1282 he was appointed to lead the army in the south, with the title of ‘Captain and Warden in South Wales and West Wales’, but was dismissed after he was ambushed by the Welsh, and William de Valence, the king's cousin, was killed. Late in the following year he took part in the trial at Shrewsbury of Dafydd, Llywelyn's brother, and in July 1287 was made ‘Captain of the parts of Brecknock’. By then, in testimony to his rank rather than to his friendship with the king, the tempting prospect had opened up of marriage into the royal family. In May 1283 Edward I sanctioned Clare's marriage to Joan of Acre (1272-1307), his second surviving daughter with Eleanor of Castile, even though the earl's first marriage was not finally dissolved until May 1285, and a papal dispensation for the second not given until November 1289. Clare welcomed Edward I with great ceremony when he visited Glamorgan in December 1284, and then celebrated Christmas with him at Bristol before accompanying him to France where the king did homage to Philippe IV. Between January 1278 and May 1286 he witnessed more royal charters than any of his rank except the earl of Lincoln, and his standing with Edward was not affected when in 1288 he acted as spokesman for the barons when they refused a subsidy for the king until his return from abroad.

Clare's power was considerably strengthened on 10 March 1289 when, following the death of his mother, Maud, he received seisin of her third of his father's estates, but when final arrangements were made on 17 April 1290 for Clare's marriage, Edward I required him to surrender all his lands into the king's hands. The 46-year-old Gilbert married Joan, by then eighteen, at Westminster Abbey in early May 1290, and on 27 May the lands were restored jointly to them for life, with provision that they should pass to Clare's heirs with Joan or, if they were childless, to her children by a later marriage. His two daughters with Alice, Isabel (1263–1338) and Joan, were excluded. Gilbert de Clare celebrated the marriage with a banquet at Clerkenwell on 3 July 1290. He had four children from his second marriage, a son and heir, Gilbert de Clare (1291-1314), and three daughters, Eleanor, Margaret de Clare, and Elizabeth de Clare, the eventual coheirs of the Clare inheritance.

Clare's most dramatic confrontation with the king was the consequence of a long-running dispute with his fellow marcher Humphrey (VI) de Bohun, earl of Hereford. As Clare's ward he had agreed in 1270 to purchase his marriage for £1000, but by 1290 had paid only 390 marks. In 1278 they were quarrelling over hunting rights in the Malverns, and when Clare began to build a castle at Morlais, Glamorgan, in an area in dispute between them, Hereford appealed to the king in January 1290. Not only did Clare fail to appear to answer the charge but he launched raids against the earl of Hereford's men in Brecon. Edward I, who was already embroiled in a dispute with Clare over his claim to custody of the temporalities of the bishopric of Llandaff during vacancies, which he eventually forced the earl to renounce in October 1290, took decisive action to suppress private warfare and vindicate his own authority. The two earls were summoned to appear in parliament at Westminster in January 1292. They were condemned to imprisonment at the king's pleasure and Glamorgan and Brecon were confiscated for life. A fine of 10,000 marks was also imposed on Clare but, possibly as a result of pressure from other magnates, the king restored Glamorgan to him on 7 May and the fine was never paid.

In 1291 Clare attended the king at Norham when he settled the succession to the Scottish throne, and he was at Berwick on 7 November 1292, when Robert (V) de Brus resigned his claim to the Scottish throne to his son and his heirs. In June 1293 he was appointed captain of the forces in Ireland, and stayed there until the following year. In October 1294, however, a Welsh revolt drove Clare and his family from Glamorgan. When he proved unable to suppress it, Edward intervened and in June next year received the rebels into the king's peace ‘against the earl's wishes’, and again took Glamorgan into his own hands (Ann. Mon., 4.526). It was only restored to Clare on 20 October 1295, six weeks or so before he died at Monmouth Castle on 7 December. He was buried on 22 December on the left of his grandfather Earl Gilbert at Tewkesbury Abbey. His widow, Joan, married as her second husband Ralph de Monthermer, a knight of her household, and died in April 1307.
Historical significance
Such evidence as survives provides no clear picture of Gilbert de Clare's family relations. If he was careful to make provision for his first wife ‘in consideration of the nobility of her kin and because he did not wish to cause her grief for lack of suitable maintenance’ (Altschul, 38), he disinherited his two daughters with her to secure a royal alliance. On another occasion, when he attributed his delay in coming to court to the illness of one of his children, his reluctance to have the reason made public leaves his motives unclear. Easier to establish is his interest in the chivalric culture of his time. He was an active tourneyer—Edward presented him with gilded leather armour in 1278, and in 1292 appointed him to administer his royal statutes to regulate the sport. Nevertheless, only Clare's political role as the greatest of the king's subjects is well documented. He played a decisive part in bringing about Montfort's triumph in 1264, and in ensuring Edward's victory in the following year, but not before requiring him to make promises about his future conduct. His intervention in London in 1267 probably ensured a peaceful end to the civil war. Edward I's trouble-free accession owed much to his co-operation, and he played a significant part in the king's Welsh wars. No wonder one chronicler, in assessing a career that spanned three decades, affirmed that ‘after the king he was the most mighty in the kingdom in deed and discourse’ (Flores historiarum, 3.96). But if, as Altschul contends, Clare consistently supported the principles of the provisions of Oxford between 1262 and 1267, it is difficult to see why he found it necessary to change sides five times in as many years. Moreover, his view that Clare was ‘the moderating force against the extremes of both’ sides is hardly borne out by his part in ensuring Montfort's victory at Lewes, or by his support for a royal government which disinherited its opponents after Evesham (Altschul, 120). Personal ambitions and animosities, combined with some politically expedient xenophobia, are more in evidence than constitutional principles. The decisive early years make more sense in the light of Gilbert de Clare's youth. He was only eighteen when his father's death plunged him into politics; he was not quite twenty-four when the civil war ended. This surely helps to explain his resentment in 1264–5 at having to share power with the immensely experienced and forceful Simon de Montfort, thirty-five years his senior. Moreover, youthful rivalry was probably the origin of his stormy relations with Edward, only four years older than himself. Another key to his political conduct is his role as the greatest of the marcher lords. His estates in south Wales not only ensured that relations with Llywelyn were a constant source of political and military anxiety, but also provided a refuge in time of crisis and enabled him to claim the regality of Glamorgan, the right to hear all pleas, to wage war, and to conclude peace. Truculent, irascible, and hot-headed, Gilbert de Clare was the arbiter of English politics in the 1260s, feared, as Ralph Hengham put it later in the century, even by the king himself, and aptly described by the Lanercost chronicler as ‘vigorous in arms, and very bold in defence of his right’ (Chronicon de Lanercost, 168), but his contumacious behaviour and failure to understand the changed realities of political power in the late thirteenth century led to his humiliation by Edward I.

Clive H. Knowles
Sources

Chancery records · M. Altschul, A baronial family in medieval England: the Clares, 1217–1314 (1965) · Ann. mon., vols. 1, 2, 4 · H. R. Luard, ed., Flores historiarum, 3 vols., Rolls Series, 95 (1890), vols. 2–3 · Paris, Chron., vol. 5 · [W. Rishanger], The chronicle of William de Rishanger, of the barons' wars, ed. J. O. Halliwell, CS, 15 (1840) · S. Lloyd, ‘Gilbert de Clare, Richard of Cornwall and the Lord Edward's crusade’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 31 (1986), 46–66 · J. Ward, ‘The estates of the Clare family, 1066–1317’, PhD diss., U. Lond., 1962 · R. Howlett, ed., Chronicles of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, 2, Rolls Series, 82 (1885) · D. W. Sutherland, Quo warranto proceedings in the reign of Edward I, 1278–1294 (1963) · J. Stevenson, ed., Chronicon de Lanercost, 1201–1346, Bannatyne Club, 65 (1839) · J. Raine, ed., Historical papers and letters from the northern registers, Rolls Series, 61 (1873) · CIPM, 3, no. 371
Wealth at death

see CIPM, 3, no. 371
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice Oxford University Press

Clive H. Knowles, ‘Clare, Gilbert de , seventh earl of Gloucester and sixth earl of Hertford (1243-1295)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5438, accessed 23 Sept 2005]

Gilbert de Clare (1243-1295): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5438¹³

Title*

6th Earl of Hertford and 6th Earl of Gloucester^8,9

Arms*

Or. 3 chevrons gu (Matt. Paris III).⁸

Event-Misc

1264

Canterbury, Kent, He led the massacre of the Jews⁹

Event-Misc

12 May 1264

Gilbert de Clare was denounced as a traitor by King Henry III, Principal=Henry III Plantagenet King of England⁹

(Simon) Battle-Lewes

14 May 1264

Knighted*

14 May 1264

^2,8

Event-Misc*

8 June 1264

Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, is made Custos of his lands in Pembrokeshire and others of his lands in Surrey and Sussex, Principal=Sir William de Valence²⁰

Event-Misc*

May 1265

Sir Gilbert met Prince Edward, who swore to remove aliens from the royal councils and observe the "good old laws.", Principal=Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet King of England⁹

Event-Misc*

June 1265

Gilbert de Clare was denounced as a traitor by Simon de Montfort for having switched sides., Principal=Simon VI de Montfort⁹

(Witness) Event-Misc

14 March 1268

Roger de Somery was a Commissioner re dispute between Llewellyn, P. of Wales, and Gilb., E. of Gloucester, Principal=Sir Roger de Somery²¹

Event-Misc

16 November 1272

He took the lead in swearing fealty to Edward I, who was in Sicily on crusade when his father, Henry III died.⁹

Summoned*

19 May 1275

Parliament⁸

Event-Misc*

Michaelmas 1276

Thos. de Weyland was present in Council re Gilb. E. of Gloucester, Principal=Sir Thomas de Weyland²²

Summoned

1 July 1277

serve against the Welsh⁸

Summoned

30 September 1283

Shrewsbury, Parliament⁸

Event-Misc*

25 June 1287

Edmund was Commissioner of Array, Salop and Staff., to serve under Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, Principal=Sir Edmund de Mortimer²³

Event-Misc*

1289

Gilbert de Clare and Humphrey de Bohun waged a private war and were ordered to keep the peace., Principal=Sir Humphrey VII de Bohun²⁴

Event-Misc*

17 April 1290

For certain trespasses, he has surrendered to the King all his lands in 26 Counties of England, in Wales, and in Ireland⁸

Event-Misc

18 January 1290/91

Trial was held concerning Gilbert de Clare's attack on Humphrey de Bohun, Principal=Sir Humphrey VII de Bohun, Witness=Sir Roger de Mortimer, Witness=Sir Edmund de Mortimer²⁵

Event-Misc

15 August 1295

Charter as Earl of Gloucester, Witness=Sir John d' Engaine²⁶

HTML*

Gilbert de Clare
Gilbert the Red

Family 1

Alice de Lusignan d. May 1290

Children

Isabel de Clare²⁷ b. 10 Mar 1262/63, d. 1338
Joan de Clare+⁶ b. 1264, d. a 1322

Family 2

Joan of Acre b. Spring 1272, d. 23 Apr 1307

Children

Sir Gilbert de Clare b. 11 May 1291, d. 24 Jun 1314; son and heir^8,9
Margaret de Clare+^28,6 b. c 1292, d. 9 Apr 1342
Eleanor de Clare+^1,6,29,5 b. Oct 1292, d. 30 Jun 1337
Elizabeth de Clare+^6,30,31 b. 16 Sep 1295, d. 4 Nov 1360

Last Edited

23 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 63-30.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 63-29.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28-3.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Clare 11.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 207.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Montagu 6.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-29.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-4.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28-4.
[S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 4.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 10.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Fitz Alan 7.
[S342] Sir Bernard Burke, Extinct Peerages, p. 21.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 218.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 89.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 4, p. 261.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 5, p. 184.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 216.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Bohun 7.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, v. 3, p. 207.
[S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 307.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 60.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 9-29.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-5.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 11-30.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 13-6.

Sir John le Strange¹

M, #2060, b. 19 April 1332, d. 12 May 1361

Father*

Sir John le Strange of Blackmere² b. 26 Jan 1306/7, d. 21 Jul 1349

Mother*

Ankaret le Boteler³ d. 8 Oct 1361

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

19 April 1332

Whitechurch, Shropshire, England⁴

Birth

Easter 1332

^1,5,6

Marriage*

before 1354

Principal=Mary FitzAlan^2,7,8,9,4

Death*

12 May 1361

^1,5,7,10,4

Title*

4th Lord Strange of Blackmere⁴

Arms*

Argent, two lions passant gules⁴

Event-Misc*

30 October 1354

He did homage¹¹

Summoned*

3 April 1360

Parliament^1,7,4

Family

Mary FitzAlan d. 1361

Children

John le Strange¹² b. 1353, d. 1375
Ankaret le Strange+^1,9,4 b. 1361, d. 1 Jun 1413

Last Edited

23 Apr 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-32.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Blackmere 8.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Blackmere 9.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8-33.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-8.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-7.
[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p.36.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 8.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cergeaux 10.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 232.
[S230] Adrian Channing, Le Strange in "Origin of Strange," listserve message 11 Apr 2003.

Ankaret le Strange¹

F, #2061, b. 1361, d. 1 June 1413

Father*

Sir John le Strange^1,2,3 b. 19 Apr 1332, d. 12 May 1361

Mother*

Mary FitzAlan^4,2,3 d. 1361

Charts

Ann Marbury Pedigree

Birth*

1361

^5,6,2,7

Marriage*

before 23 August 1383

Groom=Sir Richard Talbot^1,6,8,2,7,9

Marriage*

between 8 March 1401 and 4 July 1401

2nd=Lord Thomas Neville^2,7,10

Death*

1 June 1413

aged 52^5,6,2,7,10

Event-Misc*

1383

He was heir to her niece, Elizabeth Strange, by which she became 7th Lady Strange of Blackmere¹¹

Family 1

Lord Thomas Neville d. 14 Mar 1407

Child

Joan Neville⁷

Family 2

Sir Richard Talbot b. c 1361, d. bt 8 Sep 1396 - 9 Sep 1396

Children

Mary Talbot+^12,2 d. 13 Apr 1434
Richard Talbot⁷ d. 15 Aug 1449
Sir Thomas Talbot Knt.⁷
Sir William Talbot Knt.⁷
Elizabeth Talbot⁷
Anne Talbot⁷
Alice Talbot⁷
Eleanor Talbot¹³
Sir Gilbert Talbot K.G.⁷ b. 1383, d. 19 Oct 1418
Sir John Talbot K.G.^14,2 b. 1384, d. 17 Jul 1453

Last Edited

7 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 36.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 8.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Blackmere 9.
[S213] Chris Philips,Corrections to Complete Peerage, online http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-32.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 34-8.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 11.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 141-7.
[S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 616.
[S287] G. E. C[okayne], CP, XII - 617.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Talbot 8.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 14-33.
[S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 246.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 7-31.

Sir Erasmus Dryden^1,2

M, #2062, b. 29 December 1553, d. 22 May 1632

Father*

John Dryden Esq.^1,3,4,2 b. c 1525, d. 3 Sep 1584

Mother*

Elizabeth Cope^1,4,2 b. s 1530

Sir Erasmus Dryden|b. 29 Dec 1553\nd. 22 May 1632|p69.htm#i2062|John Dryden Esq.|b. c 1525\nd. 3 Sep 1584|p53.htm#i1584|Elizabeth Cope|b. s 1530|p53.htm#i1583|David Dryden Esq.||p380.htm#i11376|Isabel Nicholson||p380.htm#i11377|Sir John Cope Knt., M.P.|b. b 1513\nd. 22 Jan 1559|p53.htm#i1586|Bridget Raleigh|b. c 1499\nd. b 1558|p53.htm#i1585|

Birth*

29 December 1553

⁵

Marriage*

1580

Principal=Frances Wilkes^1,5

Death*

22 May 1632

Education*

1577

Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, B.A.³

Family

Frances Wilkes

Child

Erasmus Dryden+¹

Last Edited

7 Sep 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 18.
[S190] F. N. Craig, "Ralegh of Farnborough", p. 20.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Cheseldine 3.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.

Frances Wilkes¹

F, #2063

Marriage*

1580

Principal=Sir Erasmus Dryden^1,2

Married Name

Dryden¹

Family

Sir Erasmus Dryden b. 29 Dec 1553, d. 22 May 1632

Child

Erasmus Dryden+¹

Last Edited

14 Oct 2003

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.

Erasmus Dryden¹

M, #2064

Father*

Sir Erasmus Dryden¹ b. 29 Dec 1553, d. 22 May 1632

Mother*

Frances Wilkes¹

Erasmus Dryden||p69.htm#i2064|Sir Erasmus Dryden|b. 29 Dec 1553\nd. 22 May 1632|p69.htm#i2062|Frances Wilkes||p69.htm#i2063|John Dryden Esq.|b. c 1525\nd. 3 Sep 1584|p53.htm#i1584|Elizabeth Cope|b. s 1530|p53.htm#i1583|||||||

Family

Child

John Dryden¹

Last Edited

14 Oct 2003

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.

John Dryden¹

M, #2066

Father*

Erasmus Dryden¹

John Dryden||p69.htm#i2066|Erasmus Dryden||p69.htm#i2064||||Sir Erasmus Dryden|b. 29 Dec 1553\nd. 22 May 1632|p69.htm#i2062|Frances Wilkes||p69.htm#i2063|||||||

Occupation*

England, Poet Laureate of England¹

Last Edited

14 Oct 2003

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.

Sir Richard de Clare¹

M, #2067, b. circa 1153, d. between 30 October 1217 and 28 November 1217

Father*

Roger de Clare^2,3,4 b. c 1116, d. 1173

Mother*

Maud de St. Hilary^2,3,4 b. c 1132

Sir Richard de Clare|b. c 1153\nd. bt 30 Oct 1217 - 28 Nov 1217|p69.htm#i2067|Roger de Clare|b. c 1116\nd. 1173|p86.htm#i2569|Maud de St. Hilary|b. c 1132|p86.htm#i2566|Richard F. de Clare|b. c 1090\nd. 15 Apr 1136|p116.htm#i3467|Alice of Chester||p116.htm#i3468|James de St. Hilary|b. c 1110\nd. c 1154|p86.htm#i2567|Aveline (?)||p86.htm#i2568|

Birth*

circa 1153

Tunbridge, Kent, England³

Marriage*

circa 1180

Principal=Amice of Gloucester^1,3,4

Separation*

before 1200

Principal=Amice of Gloucester⁵

Death*

between 30 October 1217 and 28 November 1217

^1,3,4

Title*

Earl of Hertford⁶

(Witness) King-England

3 September 1189

Westminster, Middlesex, England, Principal=Richard I the Lionhearted^7,8,9,10

Event-Misc

1191

He was one of seven appointed by the Chancellor to treat with Prince John the questions between King Richard and the prince.⁵

Event-Misc

1193

He was selected by the Chancellor (the Bishop of Ely), to accompany him to Germany to ransom King Richard⁵

Event-Misc

1199

He swore an oath to keep peace with King John⁵

(Witness) Crowned

27 May 1199

Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, King of England, Principal=John Lackland^{11,12,7,9,13,14}

(Barons) Magna Carta

12 June 1215

Runningmede, Surrey, England, King=John Lackland^{15,16,17,18,19,20}

Excommunication*

1216

by Pope Innocent III, Principal=Sir Gilbert de Clare⁵

Event-Misc*

4 March 1215/16

His lands in Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex were granted to Robert de Betun as a result of his opposition to King John⁵

HTML*

Magna Charta Page

Family

Amice of Gloucester b. c 1160, d. 1 Jan 1224/25

Children

Richard de Clare²¹ d. 4 May 1228
Maud de Clare+^3,22 b. c 1175, d. Jan 1225
Sir Gilbert de Clare+^1,3,23 b. c 1180, d. 25 Oct 1230

Last Edited

21 May 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 63-27.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28-1.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 54.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 63-28.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 2.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 2.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 3.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 79.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 1-26.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 16.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 29.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 84.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Longespée 3.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 3.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 56-27.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 60-28.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 8.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 55.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28A-2.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28-3.

Amice of Gloucester^1,2

F, #2068, b. circa 1160, d. 1 January 1224/25

Father*

Sir William FitzRobert^1,3 b. 23 Nov 1121, d. 23 Nov 1183

Mother*

Hawise de Beaumont^4,5 b. c 1134, d. 24 Apr 1197

Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England⁵

Birth*

circa 1160

⁵

Marriage*

circa 1180

Principal=Sir Richard de Clare^1,5,6

Separation*

before 1200

Principal=Sir Richard de Clare⁷

Death*

1 January 1224/25

^1,5,2

Feudal*

1211

6 Kts. Fee in Kent, Principal=Sir Gilbert de Clare⁸

Family

Sir Richard de Clare b. c 1153, d. bt 30 Oct 1217 - 28 Nov 1217

Children

Richard de Clare⁸ d. 4 May 1228
Maud de Clare+^5,9 b. c 1175, d. Jan 1225
Sir Gilbert de Clare+^1,5,10 b. c 1180, d. 25 Oct 1230

Last Edited

10 Jul 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 63-27.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 186.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 63-26.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28-1.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 54.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 55.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 63A-27.
[S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 28-3.

Sir William FitzRobert^1,2

M, #2069, b. 23 November 1121, d. 23 November 1183

Father*

Robert de Caen^3,4 b. c 1090, d. 31 Oct 1147

Mother*

Maud FitzRobert^3,4 d. 1157

Birth*

23 November 1121

Gloucestershire, England⁴

Marriage*

circa 1150

Principal=Hawise de Beaumont^3,4

Death*

23 November 1183

(on his birthday)^3,4,5

Burial*

Keynsham Abbey, Gloucester, England^4,5

Event-Misc*

October 1141

He was surety for his father, who was then imprisoned at Rochester, in the exchange for King Stephen⁵

Event-Misc

1144

He served as governor of Wareham while his father was in Normandy⁵

Event-Misc*

1147

William of Gloucester overthrew Henry de Tracy at Castle Cary, Principal=Henry de Tracy⁵

Event-Misc

1153

He witnessed the agreement between King Stephen and Prince Henry⁵

Event-Misc

1154

William of Gloucester formed an alliance with Roger Earl of Hereford against anyone but King Henry⁵

Event-Misc

1169

Somerset, England, He founded Keynsham Priory⁵

Event-Misc

April 1183

He was imprisoned by Henry II because his loyalty was doubted.⁵

Title*

Lord of the manor of Glamorgan and of Cardiff Castle³

Family

Hawise de Beaumont b. c 1134, d. 24 Apr 1197

Children

Robert of Gloucester⁵ d. 1166
Mabel of Gloucester^4,5 b. c 1156, d. 1188
Amice of Gloucester+^1,5 b. c 1160, d. 1 Jan 1224/25
Isabel of Gloucester (?)^4,5 b. a 1168, d. 14 Oct 1217

Last Edited

10 Jul 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 63-26.
[S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 63-26.
[S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 186.

Sir William Marshal¹

M, #2070, b. circa 1190, d. 6 April 1231

Father*

Sir William Marshal¹ b. 1146, d. 14 May 1219

Mother*

Isabel de Clare² b. 1173, d. 1220

Birth*

circa 1190

Normandy, France³

Marriage*

1214

Bride=Alice de Bethune²

Engagement*

23 April 1224

without issue, Principal=Eleanor of England^4,3

Death*

6 April 1231

Burial*

Temple Church, London, England³

Title*

5th Earl of Pembroke³

(King) Magna Carta

12 June 1215

Runningmede, Surrey, England, King=John Lackland^5,6,7,8,9,10

Event-Misc*

1223

Sir William Marshal won back the castles that Llywelyn had captured in Pembrokeshire and retaliated with a destructive foray into Llywelyn's territory, Principal=Llewelyn ap Iorwerth "the Great"¹¹

Event-Misc*

1223

Gilbert de Clare accompanied William Marshal, his brother-in-law on an expedition to Wales, Principal=Sir Gilbert de Clare¹²

Event-Misc*

1223

Sir Warin was serving in Wales with his brother-in-law, William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, Principal=Sir Warin de Munchensi¹³

Last Edited

19 Jun 2005

Citations

[S183] Jr. Meredith B. Colket, Marbury Ancestry, p. 38.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 149.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Leicester 4.
[S234] David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry, Plantagenet 16.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Longespée 3.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Warenne 3.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 56-27.
[S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 60-28.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 8.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 34.
[S284] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, Wales 4.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 55.
[S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 175.

Person Page - 69

Sir Robert de Vere1

Family

Citations

Isabel de Bolebec1

Family

Citations

Walter de Bolebec1

Family 1

Family 2

Citations

Sir Hugh de Vere1

Family

Citations

Hawise de Quincey1

Family

Citations

Saher IV de Quincy1

Family

Citations

Margaret de Beaumont1

Family

Citations

Sir Robert de Vere1

Family

Citations

Alice de Sanford1

Family

Citations

Gilbert de Sanford1

Family

Citations

Joan de Vere1

Family

Citations

Sir William de Warrenne1

Family 1

Family 2

Citations

Alice de Warrenne1

Family

Citations

Sir Edmund FitzAlan1

Family

Citations

Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan1,2

Family 1

Family 2

Family 3

Citations

Isabel le Despenser1

Family

Citations

Sir Hugh le Despenser1

Family

Citations

Eleanor de Clare1

Family 1

Family 2

Citations

Sir Gilbert de Clare "the Red"1,2

Family 1

Family 2

Citations

Sir John le Strange1

Family

Citations

Ankaret le Strange1

Family 1

Family 2

Citations

Sir Erasmus Dryden1,2

Family

Citations

Frances Wilkes1

Family

Citations

Erasmus Dryden1

Family

Sir Robert de Vere¹

Isabel de Bolebec¹

Walter de Bolebec¹

Sir Hugh de Vere¹

Hawise de Quincey¹

Saher IV de Quincy¹

Margaret de Beaumont¹

Sir Robert de Vere¹

Alice de Sanford¹

Gilbert de Sanford¹

Joan de Vere¹

Sir William de Warrenne¹

Alice de Warrenne¹

Sir Edmund FitzAlan¹

Sir Richard "Copped Hat" FitzAlan^1,2

Isabel le Despenser¹

Sir Hugh le Despenser¹

Eleanor de Clare¹

Sir Gilbert de Clare "the Red"^1,2

Sir John le Strange¹

Ankaret le Strange¹

Sir Erasmus Dryden^1,2

Frances Wilkes¹

Erasmus Dryden¹

John Dryden¹

Sir Richard de Clare¹

Amice of Gloucester^1,2

Sir William FitzRobert^1,2

Sir William Marshal¹