Hugh O'Conor1

M, #3451, d. 1067

Father*Teign 'of the White Steed' O'Conor1 d. 1030
Mother*Dearbforgail of Ossory O'Brien1 d. 1098
Hugh O'Conor|d. 1067|p116.htm#i3451|Teign 'of the White Steed' O'Conor|d. 1030|p175.htm#i5235|Dearbforgail of Ossory O'Brien|d. 1098|p237.htm#i7097|||||||Tadhg o. O. MacGillapatrick|d. c 1027|p237.htm#i7099||||

Death*1067 Oranmore, Galway, Ireland1 

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Donnell O'Brien1

M, #3452, d. 1194

Father*Turlough O'Brien1 d. 1167
Mother*Sadb MacGillapatrick1
Donnell O'Brien|d. 1194|p116.htm#i3452|Turlough O'Brien|d. 1167|p116.htm#i3454|Sadb MacGillapatrick||p334.htm#i10003|Diarmaid O'Brien|d. 1118|p116.htm#i3457|Mor O'Connor||p334.htm#i10005|Donnchad MacGillapatrick of Ossory||p334.htm#i10004||||

Marriage* Principal=Orlacan MacMorough1 
Death*1194 1 

Family

Orlacan MacMorough
Children

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Orlacan MacMorough1

F, #3453

Father*Dairmait MacMurchada1 d. 1 Jan 1171
Mother*Dearvorgala O'Moore1 d. 1193
Orlacan MacMorough||p116.htm#i3453|Dairmait MacMurchada|d. 1 Jan 1171|p101.htm#i3016|Dearvorgala O'Moore|d. 1193|p116.htm#i3456|Donoch MacMorough|d. 1115|p116.htm#i3459|Darfargila O'Brien MacMorough/|d. 1080|p116.htm#i3460|Murcertac O'Moore|d. 1164|p116.htm#i3461|Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/||p116.htm#i3462|

Marriage* Principal=Donnell O'Brien1 

Family

Donnell O'Brien d. 1194
Children

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Turlough O'Brien1

M, #3454, d. 1167

Father*Diarmaid O'Brien1 d. 1118
Mother*Mor O'Connor1
Turlough O'Brien|d. 1167|p116.htm#i3454|Diarmaid O'Brien|d. 1118|p116.htm#i3457|Mor O'Connor||p334.htm#i10005|Turlough M. O'Brien|b. 1009\nd. 1086|p163.htm#i4887|Mor O'Hyne O'Brien/||p163.htm#i4888|||||||

Marriage* Principal=Sadb MacGillapatrick1 
Death*1167 1 
Burial* 7 Nov 11671 

Family

Sadb MacGillapatrick
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Dearvorgala O'Moore1

F, #3456, d. 1193

Father*Murcertac O'Moore1 d. 1164
Mother*Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/1
Dearvorgala O'Moore|d. 1193|p116.htm#i3456|Murcertac O'Moore|d. 1164|p116.htm#i3461|Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/||p116.htm#i3462|Gillacomghall O'Toole|d. 1119|p144.htm#i4300|Ugaire O'Toole||p144.htm#i4301|Donal O'Byrne|d. a 1115|p144.htm#i4302||||

Marriage* Principal=Dairmait MacMurchada1 
Death*1193 1 
Burial* Mellifort Abbey, Meath, Ireland1 

Family

Dairmait MacMurchada d. 1 Jan 1171
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Diarmaid O'Brien1

M, #3457, d. 1118

Father*Turlough Mor O'Brien1 b. 1009, d. 1086
Mother*Mor O'Hyne O'Brien/1
Diarmaid O'Brien|d. 1118|p116.htm#i3457|Turlough Mor O'Brien|b. 1009\nd. 1086|p163.htm#i4887|Mor O'Hyne O'Brien/||p163.htm#i4888|Teige O'Brien|d. 1023|p163.htm#i4890|Mor O'Mulloy||p164.htm#i4891|(Mr.) O'Hyne||p163.htm#i4889||||

Marriage* Principal=Mor O'Connor1 
Death*1118 Corcach-mor-Mumhan1 

Family

Mor O'Connor
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Donoch MacMorough1

M, #3459, d. 1115

Father*Murchad (?)1,2 d. 8 Dec 1070
Mother*Sadb MacBricc1
Donoch MacMorough|d. 1115|p116.htm#i3459|Murchad (?)|d. 8 Dec 1070|p144.htm#i4298|Sadb MacBricc||p229.htm#i6853|Dermot MacMailnamo|d. 23 Feb 1072|p161.htm#i4814|Darbhforgald (?)|d. 1080|p161.htm#i4815|Muirchertach MacBricc|b. c 1005\nd. 1051|p229.htm#i6854||||

Marriage* Principal=Darfargila O'Brien MacMorough/1 
Death*1115 Dublin, Ireland, in battle against Domnall Ua Briain1,3 
Title* King of Leinster4 
Name Variation Donnchad MacMurchada3 

Family

Darfargila O'Brien MacMorough/ d. 1080
Child

Last Edited11 Jun 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 175-4.
  3. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 175-5.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 123.

Darfargila O'Brien MacMorough/1

F, #3460, d. 1080

Father*Morough O'Brien1
Mother*Iuchdelb (?)1
Darfargila O'Brien MacMorough/|d. 1080|p116.htm#i3460|Morough O'Brien||p144.htm#i4299|Iuchdelb (?)||p140.htm#i4198|||||||Cearnachanhui G. (?)||p140.htm#i4199||||

Marriage* Principal=Donoch MacMorough1 
Death*1080 1 

Family

Donoch MacMorough d. 1115
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Murcertac O'Moore1

M, #3461, d. 1164

Father*Gillacomghall O'Toole1 d. 1119
Mother*Ugaire O'Toole1
Murcertac O'Moore|d. 1164|p116.htm#i3461|Gillacomghall O'Toole|d. 1119|p144.htm#i4300|Ugaire O'Toole||p144.htm#i4301|Doncuan O'Toole|d. c 1076|p161.htm#i4817||||||||||

Marriage* Principal=Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/1 
Death*1164 1 

Family

Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/1

F, #3462

Father*Donal O'Byrne1 d. a 1115
Inghin O'Byrne O'Moore/||p116.htm#i3462|Donal O'Byrne|d. a 1115|p144.htm#i4302||||Donchad o. L. (?)||p161.htm#i4819||||||||||

Marriage* Principal=Murcertac O'Moore1 

Family

Murcertac O'Moore d. 1164
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Piers de Lutegareshale1

M, #3463, b. circa 1134, d. before 1198

Birth*circa 1134 of Cherhill, Wiltshire, England1 
Marriage* 1st=Maud de Mandeville1,2,3 
Death*before 1198 Winchester, |He was a monk at the time of his death.2,4 
Burial*8 May 1198 Winchester, Geoffrey FizPiers had his body transferred from the Monk's Cemetary into the church5 

Family

Maud de Mandeville b. c 1138
Children

Last Edited29 May 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246B-27.
  3. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 160-3.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 86.
  5. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 87.

Maud de Mandeville1

F, #3464, b. circa 1138

Father*Geoffrey II de Mandeville1,2,3 b. b 1091, d. 14 Sep 1144
Mother*Rohese de Vere1,2 b. c 1109, d. a Oct 1166
Maud de Mandeville|b. c 1138|p116.htm#i3464|Geoffrey II de Mandeville|b. b 1091\nd. 14 Sep 1144|p116.htm#i3465|Rohese de Vere|b. c 1109\nd. a Oct 1166|p116.htm#i3466|William de Mandeville|b. c 1062\nd. c 1130|p116.htm#i3479||||Aubrey de Vere|b. b 1090\nd. 15 May 1141|p380.htm#i11371|Adeliza de Clare|b. c 1118\nd. c 1163|p117.htm#i3501|

Birth*circa 1138 Pleshey, Essex, England1 
Marriage* Groom=Piers de Lutegareshale1,4,5 
Marriage* Groom=Hugh de Bocland1,6,7 
Living*1176 7 

Family 1
Child

Family 2

Hugh de Bocland d. a 1176
Children

Family 3

Piers de Lutegareshale b. c 1134, d. b 1198
Children

Last Edited18 Jun 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 159-2.
  3. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 145.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246B-27.
  5. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 160-3.
  6. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 159-3.
  7. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 147.
  8. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 87.
  9. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 86.

Geoffrey II de Mandeville1,2

M, #3465, b. before 1091, d. 14 September 1144

Father*William de Mandeville1,3,4 b. c 1062, d. c 1130
MotherMargaret de Rye1 b. c 1075
Geoffrey II de Mandeville|b. b 1091\nd. 14 Sep 1144|p116.htm#i3465|William de Mandeville|b. c 1062\nd. c 1130|p116.htm#i3479||||Geoffrey de Mandeville|d. c 1100|p117.htm#i3481|Athelaise de Balts|b. c 1040|p117.htm#i3482|||||||

Birth*before 1091 1 
Marriage* 1st=Rohese de Vere1,5 
Death*14 September 1144 Mildenhall, Suffolk, England, at the siege of Burwell Castle, Cams., when he removed his helmet because of the heat, and was hit by an arrow.|His body was taken by the Knights Templar to their Old Temple in Holborn, but since he had been excommunicated, he could not receive Christian burial until absolution was granted in 1163.1,6 
Burial*1163 New Temple, Holborn, England1,6 
DNB* Mandeville, Geoffrey de, first earl of Essex (d. 1144), magnate, was the son and heir of William de Mandeville, constable of the Tower of London, and Margaret, daughter of Eudo de Ryes, royal dapifer (‘steward’) and lord of Colchester. According to a charter of the 1140s in favour of Geoffrey de Mandeville, his paternal grandfather, also Geoffrey, had been constable of the Tower and sheriff of Essex, London and Middlesex, and Hertfordshire. The elder Geoffrey de Mandeville was one of William I's wealthier tenants-in-chief, eleventh (and last) among Corbett's ‘Class A’ Domesday landholders, with lands worth a total of £740 a year concentrated in Essex, Middlesex, and Hertfordshire, and extending into seven other counties. Unlike the ten other ‘Class A’ magnates, all of whom came from prominent continental families, Geoffrey and his family were of such minor importance before the conquest that their place of origin in Normandy defies certain identification. It may have been Colmesnil-Manneville (arrondissement Dieppe, canton Offranville) but it is impossible to be certain: place names such as Manneville, Magna Villa, and Magnevilla occur in France with perplexing frequency.
Loss of the family estates
It was during the constableship of William de Mandeville that Henry I's dangerous prisoner, Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, escaped from the Tower of London early in 1101 and fled to Normandy. There Ranulf served as chief organizer of Robert Curthose's invasion of England in summer 1101 that nearly cost Henry his newly won crown. For his carelessness (or worse) William de Mandeville was burdened with an immense fine of more than £2200 and was forced to relinquish his three most valuable demesne manors—Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire, and Walden and Great Waltham, Essex—until the debt was paid in full. The Domesday value of these manors (£50, £50, and £60 respectively) amounted to about a third of the value of the entire Mandeville demesne in England (£489), and their confiscation therefore thrust the Mandeville family from the upper ranks of the English aristocracy.

At some time between 1103 and 1105, but probably in 1103, Henry I notified the chief men of Essex and Hertfordshire that, until such time as the debt was repaid, he had granted custody of the three Mandeville manors to his loyal follower and steward Eudo de Ryes, whose daughter Margaret was William de Mandeville's wife. Thus control of the three manors remained in the family but out of William de Mandeville's reach. At his death some time between 1105 and 1116 his son Geoffrey, probably still a minor, stood to inherit only a truncated portion of his ancestral Domesday honour. The pipe roll of 1130 discloses that Geoffrey was burdened with a substantial relief (1300 marks in 1129) for what remained of his inheritance. His chances of having the three lost manors restored to him had been much reduced by the marriage of his widowed mother, Margaret de Ryes, to the royal favourite Othuer fitz Earl, the natural son of Hugh, earl of Chester and vicomte d'Avranches, and the tutor of Henry I's only legitimate son, William Ætheling. Othuer appears to have come into possession of the three forfeited manors well before the death of Eudo de Ryes in February 1120, and he had also acquired William de Mandeville's former constableship of the Tower of London. Besides these Mandeville assets Othuer probably stood to inherit some or all of the cross-channel estates of his father-in-law, Eudo, thus ascending to the heights of the Anglo-Norman aristocracy while Geoffrey de Mandeville floundered. But Othuer's rise was cut short by his death, along with that of his royal pupil, in the wreck of the White Ship in November 1120.

As a result of the disaster, which severely damaged Henry I's plans for the peace of north-western Europe, the lands of Eudo de Ryes escheated to the crown and the three Mandeville manors reverted to the king. The constableship of the Tower passed to a certain Aschuill, probably Hasculf de Tanis (south-west of Avranches), who may have been a kinsman of Othuer. The shipwreck also opened prospects for Mandeville. The death of his stepfather meant that he might hope once again to recover the family fortune.
Constableship of the Tower of London
Mandeville's attestations of three royal charters during Henry I's final year in Normandy suggest that he was seeking to rise through service in the king's military familia during Henry's campaign against Guillaume Talvas. His hopes remained unrealized at Henry I's death in December 1135 and in the initial years of Stephen's reign, when Hasculf continued to command the Tower and the three confiscated manors remained under royal control.

Mandeville's fortunes suddenly improved in 1139–40, at a time when the spread of rebellion far and wide across the land compelled King Stephen to delegate much of his regional power to a flock of newly created earls. Between 1138 and 1141 he added no less than eighteen earldoms to the eight that had existed at the close of Henry I's reign. One of the new earls was Geoffrey de Mandeville whom Stephen appointed earl of Essex in a charter issued at Westminster probably between December 1139 and December 1140. It was at about this time, and perhaps as a result of the charter, that Mandeville recovered his ancestral right to the constableship of the Tower of London.

According to the late testimony of William of Newburgh, which most historians have accepted at least guardedly, King Stephen, having negotiated the betrothal of Constance, sister of Louis VII of France, to his own son Eustace, suffered humiliation at Mandeville's hands when the latter seized Constance while she and her mother-in-law, the Queen Matilda, were in London c.1141. Mandeville, who was then (according to Newburgh) constable of the Tower, kept Constance as his prisoner despite Matilda's urgent protests, until at length he yielded to King Stephen's demand that she be released. Newburgh believed that Stephen, although disguising his anger for the time being, never forgave Mandeville for the affront.
Defection from King Stephen: a disputed chronology
The rise of Mandeville to the height of his power is documented by four charters—two from Stephen, including the aforementioned grant of the earldom of Essex, and two from the Empress Matilda. Round dated these charters in the order of ascending benefits to Mandeville and then reached the fearlessly circular conclusion that Mandeville gained greater benefits from each successive charter:

To determine from internal evidence the sequence of these charters, we must arrange them in ascending scale. That is to say, each charter should represent an advance on its immediate predecessor … We find each successive change of side on the part of this unscrupulous magnate marked by a distinct advance in his demands and in the price he obtained. (Round, 43, 98)

Playing one side against the other in the most ruthless and devious fashion, so Round supposed, Mandeville was thus ‘the most perfect and typical presentment of the feudal and anarchic spirit that stamps the reign of Stephen’ (Round, v). Having obtained from Stephen's first charter (usually designated S1) the earldom of Essex, Mandeville then received from the Empress Matilda (midsummer 1141, Westminster) a recognition of his right to the earldom and to the third penny of the shire, along with a grant in fee and heredity of all the lands of his grandfather Geoffrey de Mandeville, including presumably the three lost manors (the castle of Walden is mentioned explicitly), the hereditary shrievalty and chief justiciarship of Essex, the crown manors of Maldon and Newport in that shire, and other properties (M1). Next on Round's list is King Stephen's second charter (S2), dated Christmas 1141 at Canterbury, after the king's release from imprisonment following his capture at the battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141. Stephen confirmed in this charter all that Mandeville had received from the empress in M1, along with the Essex manors of Writtle and Hatfield and certain escheated lands, worth collectively £300 a year, an additional fee of sixty knights along with other lands, and the shrievalty and justiciarship of Hertfordshire and of London and Middlesex. Finally, in the empress's second charter, issued at Oxford between mid-1141 and mid-1142 (M2), Mandeville obtained in addition to the aforesaid grants (including once again all the lands held by his grandfather Geoffrey and his father, William), the lands of his grandfather Eudo de Ryes in both Normandy and England and Eudo's office of royal dapifer.

Round's ordering of these four charters was challenged in 1964 by R. H. C. Davis (EngHR, 79), who accepted, more or less, Round's dating of S1, M1, and S2, but dated M2 July 1141, thus placing it before S2 and reducing Mandeville's shifts in allegiance from three to two. If Davis is correct, Mandeville defected from Stephen only after the king had been taken captive at Lincoln in February 1141 and had released his adherents from their allegiance to him. Mandeville had then returned to Stephen's cause after the empress had been driven out of London. If this chronology is correct, Mandeville had precisely followed the shifts in allegiance of Stephen's own brother, Henry, bishop of Winchester, who in fact attested M1 for the empress.

Davis's chronology of the four charters—S1, M1, M2, S2—was challenged in 1988 by J. O. Prestwich, who argued cogently for a return to Round's sequence—S1, M1, S2, M2—indicating three changes of allegiance rather than only two. The disagreement turns on the question of whether M2 was issued (at Oxford) in July 1141 (Davis) or between January and June 1142 (Round and Prestwich). The factors to be considered in dating this charter are complex and depend in part on whether the persons listed as ‘hostages’ were or were not present. Davis's analysis of correspondences between attestors of M2 and persons attesting for the empress at Oxford in July 1141 is very persuasive. But just as persuasive are Prestwich's arguments that Geoffrey de Mandeville, far from epitomizing the ‘feudal and anarchic spirit’, was a royalist who, in the tradition of his family, sought advancement through service to the king. The freewheeling Ranulf (II), earl of Chester, whom Round regarded as a kindred spirit to Mandeville, was in fact his opposite—Ranulf was a magnate who sought independence from royal authority whereas Mandeville sought royal service and royal offices.

In view of the royal ministries held by Mandeville's father and paternal grandfather, and by his sons, Geoffrey and William de Mandeville, curiales of Henry II, Mandeville, as Prestwich sees him, fits into place. He was clearly self-seeking, and Prestwich is convincing in viewing him as striving for the recovery and advancement of his fortunes and those of his family through service to the king. Significantly he married Rohese de Vere, daughter of another ambitious royal servant, Henry I's great curialis Aubrey de Vere, master chamberlain of England. Mandeville fought in the royal cause at the siege of Winchester in September 1141. At King Stephen's command he drove a band of rebels from the Isle of Ely early in 1142. The author of the Gesta Stephani described him at that time as:

remarkable for the ability of his shrewd mind and to be admired for the firmness of his unbending courage in adversity and his excellence in the art of war. In the extent of his wealth and the splendour of his position he surpassed all the chief men of the kingdom … Everywhere in the kingdom he took the king's place and in all transactions was listened to more eagerly than the king and received more obedience when he gave orders. (Gesta Stephani, 161)

His high status aroused the jealousy of other royal councillors, who persuaded the king to arrest him at the royal court at St Albans in September 1143. Stephen, who may not have forgiven him for seizing Constance of France in 1141, was sympathetic to his enemies at court. Mandeville responded to their accusations of treason with mocking contempt, but the king suddenly had him arrested and forced him to relinquish all his castles and lands. He was then released, ‘to the ruin of the realm’, said the author of the Gesta Stephani.

Mandeville would have regarded himself as being betrayed by Stephen, for the customs of the time prohibited a lord from arresting a fidelis in attendance at his court. (Stephen had similarly betrayed Roger of Salisbury and his kinsmen four years earlier in precisely the same way, and he arrested Ranulf, earl of Chester, at his court in 1146.) Earl Geoffrey hurled himself away from the royal court ‘like a vicious and riderless horse, kicking and biting’. Gathering his knights and other followers around him he took up arms against the king. He ‘raged everywhere with fire and sword; he devoted himself with insatiable greed to the plundering of flocks and herds’ (Gesta Stephani, 165). He sacked Cambridge, looting its churches, and pillaged the Isle of Ely. He sacked Ramsey Abbey and made it his headquarters. With the help of his brother-in-law William de Say, and eventually of Hugh Bigod, earl of Norfolk (d. 1176/7), he dominated the fenland and terrorized East Anglia.
Death and reputation
In August 1144 Mandeville was fatally wounded while attacking the royal stronghold of Burwell, and he died on 26 September at Mildenhall in Suffolk. Having been excommunicated for the desecration and plundering of church property, he remained unburied for nearly twenty years until, at the instigation of his son Geoffrey, Pope Alexander III absolved him in 1163 and he was interred at the New Temple in London.

Although he died in rebellion, Geoffrey de Mandeville was by no means the incorrigibly turbulent baron that he was so long thought to be. He was clearly determined to make good his father's losses and advance his family's interests, but almost to the end he sought to do so in the service of the monarchy. His changes in allegiance during the anarchy were prompted in whole or in part by Stephen's capture at the battle of Lincoln, after which he was no more disloyal to the king than Stephen's own brother, Henry of Winchester.

Geoffrey left three known sons. The eldest, Ernulf, was illegitimate. With his wife, Rohese de Vere, he had Geoffrey (d. 1166) and William de Mandeville (d. 1189), who were successively earls of Essex and important curiales of Henry II. In restoring the earldom of Essex to the younger Geoffrey de Mandeville in 1156 Henry II granted him, among other things, perpetual hereditary right to Walden, Sawbridgeworth, and Great Waltham: ‘And the lien that my grandfather King Henry had on the aforesaid three manors is quitclaimed forever’ (Round, 235–6, 241).

C. Warren Hollister
Sources

C. W. Hollister, Monarchy, magnates, and institutions in the Anglo-Norman world (1986), 117–27 · GEC, Peerage · J. H. Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville: a study of the anarchy (1892) · R. H. C. Davis, From Alfred the Great to Stephen (1991) · J. O. Prestwich, ‘The treason of Geoffrey de Mandeville’, EngHR, 103 (1988), 283–312 · R. H. C. Davis, ‘The treason of Geoffrey de Mandeville: a comment’, EngHR, 103 (1988), 313–17 · J. O. Prestwich, ‘Geoffrey de Mandeville: a further comment’, EngHR, 103 (1988), 960–66 · R. H. C. Davis, ‘Geoffrey de Mandeville: a final comment’, EngHR, 103 (1988), 967–8 · Reg. RAN, vol. 3 · Ordericus Vitalis, Eccl. hist., 6.444–6 · Dugdale, Monasticon, new edn · R. Howlett, ed., Chronicles of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, 1, Rolls Series, 82 (1884) · K. R. Potter and R. H. C. Davis, eds., Gesta Stephani, OMT (1976) · K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, ‘The prosopography of post-conquest England: four case studies’, Medieval Prosopography, 14 (1993), 1–52, esp. 8–12 · W. J. Corbett, ‘The development of the duchy of Normandy and the Norman conquest of England’, Cambridge medieval history, 5, ed. J. R. Tanner, C. W. Previté-Orton, and Z. N. Brooke (1926), 481–520 · The historical works of Gervase of Canterbury, ed. W. Stubbs, 1: The chronicle of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, Rolls Series, 73 (1879), 128 · R. H. C. Davis, ‘Geoffrey de Mandeville reconsidered’, EngHR, 79 (1964), 299–307
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C. Warren Hollister, ‘Mandeville, Geoffrey de, first earl of Essex (d. 1144)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/17927, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Geoffrey de Mandeville (d. 1144): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/179277 
Event-Misc*1140 He was created Earl of Essex by King Stephen2,6 
Event-Misc*1141 Aubrey joined the plot of Geoffrey de Mandeville, his brother-in-law, against King Stephen, Principal=Aubrey de Vere8 
Event-MiscFebruary 1140/41 He deserted King Stephen upon his defeat and went over to Empress Maud6 
Event-MiscMidsummer 1141 He obtained a more extensive charter from Empress Maud, making him Constable of the Tower of London, Sheriff and Chief Justice of Essex, and granting him 1000 librates of land and the services of 20 knights6 
Event-Misc25 December 1141 He deserted Empress Maud and obtained from King Stephen a charter granting him 400 librates, custody of the Tower of London, offices of hereditary Justice and Sheriff of London, Middlesex, Essex and Hertfordshire, and 60 knights6 
Event-MiscApril 1142 He drove the oppositon for the Isle of Ely, but soon after the King's illness, he extoreted a comfiming charter with additional offices from the Empress Maud6 
Event-Misc1143 St. Albans, Aubrey and Geoffrey were captured by King Stephen, Principal=Aubrey de Vere8 
Event-MiscOctober 1143 He was accused of treason, and was arrested at St. Albans, Herts. He surrendered his castles to avoid being hanged. He the rebelled, sacking Cambridge6 

Family

Rohese de Vere b. c 1109, d. a Oct 1166
Children

Last Edited24 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S311] Domesday Descendants: Some Corrigenda, online at http://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/research/prosop/…
  3. [S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 13.
  5. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 159-2.
  6. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 145.
  7. [S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
  8. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 252.
  9. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 147.

Rohese de Vere1

F, #3466, b. circa 1109, d. after October 1166

Father*Aubrey de Vere1,2 b. b 1090, d. 15 May 1141
Mother*Adeliza de Clare1,2 b. c 1118, d. c 1163
Rohese de Vere|b. c 1109\nd. a Oct 1166|p116.htm#i3466|Aubrey de Vere|b. b 1090\nd. 15 May 1141|p380.htm#i11371|Adeliza de Clare|b. c 1118\nd. c 1163|p117.htm#i3501|Aubrey de Vere|b. b 1040|p117.htm#i3487|Beatrice de Gand||p117.htm#i3488|Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare|b. b 1066\nd. bt 1114 - 1117|p101.htm#i3018|Adeliza de Clermont|b. c 1074|p101.htm#i3019|

Birth*circa 1109 of Hedingham, Essex, England1 
Marriage* Groom=Geoffrey II de Mandeville1,3 
Marriage* Groom=Paganus de Beauchamp1,4 
Death*after October 1166 1,4 
Burial* Priory of Chicksand, England1 
(Witness) DNB Beauchamp, de, family (per. c.1080-c.1265), gentry, held a modest barony of about forty-five knights' fees, predominantly in Bedfordshire, with some land in Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Huntingdonshire. The family exercised a local dominance in Bedfordshire, but was only occasionally prominent on the national stage. No connection has been found to the Beauchamps of Worcester. The family was first represented by Hugh de Beauchamp (fl. 1080-c.1118), presumably of Norman origin, who acquired his lands and position through marriage to Matilda, apparently the daughter and heir of Ralf Tallebosc, post-conquest castellan of Bedford and sheriff of Bedfordshire, and Azelina, who held lands in Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire in her own right. Information for the early twelfth century is scarce, but Hugh seems to have had at least two sons, Simon and Robert. Simon [i] de Beauchamp (d. 1136/7), who witnessed King Stephen's charter of liberties as royal steward in 1136, was probably the eldest son and heir to the barony. His daughter married Hugh Poer, who was granted the honour and castle of Bedford and created earl by King Stephen, to the anger of Robert's sons, who believed they were being deprived of their rightful inheritance. The elder son, Miles de Beauchamp (d. 1142x53), tried unsuccessfully to turn Stephen's problems to his advantage, promising to support Stephen if he did not try to remove him from Bedford Castle, but he was forced out after a siege at Christmas 1137. In 1141 Miles and his followers recovered the castle, ‘as triumphant and fierce as they had once been humble and downcast’ (Gesta Stephani, 33), only to lose it once again before both barony and castle were returned to the Beauchamps by Henry II.

Miles's brother and heir, Payn de Beauchamp (d. in or before 1155), was both outlived and overshadowed by his wife, Rohese [Rose] de Beauchamp (d. 1166). The daughter of Aubrey (II) de Vere (d. 1141), she had previously been married to the powerful Geoffrey de Mandeville, first earl of Essex (d. 1144). The connection between the two families remained close for some time, with the Beauchamps adopting a variation of the Mandeville arms. In common with most of their contemporaries the earlier Beauchamps had already made grants to religious houses, including St Albans and Bermondsey, but the Beauchamps' patronage of the church now moved onto a new plane with the foundation of a priory for Gilbertine nuns at Chicksands, Bedfordshire, c.1150. Although her husband, Payn, was associated with her in early charters, Rohese was always spoken of as the founder. Her support for the priory and her forceful personality were vividly illustrated by her response to the death of her son from her first marriage, Geoffrey de Mandeville. After his death his men tried to take his body to Walden, Essex, for burial at the abbey founded by his father. On hearing this Rohese gathered a band of armed retainers and caught up with the cortège, ordering it to go instead to Chicksands. However, early the next morning her son's servants turned the bier around and took it to Walden Abbey before Rohese could prevent it. Thwarted in her efforts to have her son's body in her own chosen burial place, Rohese retaliated by taking all the furnishings of Geoffrey's private chapel for Chicksands. Rohese was also closely involved in the early stages of the foundation (c.1166) of Newnham Priory by her son Simon [ii] de Beauchamp (c.1145-1206/7). This conversion of the college of secular canons at St Paul's, Bedford, into a community of regular Augustinian canons was part of the widespread contemporary movement towards the regular monastic orders. It has traditionally been linked with the case of Philip de Broy, a canon of Bedford accused of homicide. The failure of the church courts to deal adequately with his case was one of the grievances of Henry II against Thomas Becket, and this notorious incident may have acted as a catalyst by attracting attention to Bedford. Simon was a generous patron of the church; he made several additions to Newnham's original endowment, and also made grants to Warden Abbey, Chicksands Priory, and the hospital of St John at Bedford.

Simon [ii] de Beauchamp held the Bedford barony for over fifty years, including a nine-year minority. The Beauchamp family clearly had a claim to be hereditary constables of Bedford Castle, but it was not acknowledged as a formality: in 1189/90 Simon had to pay £100 for custody of the castle. From 1194 to 1197 he served as sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, but only after paying 200 marks for the privilege. Simon was succeeded by his son, William de Beauchamp (c.1185-1260), who served in the royal army in Ireland in 1210 and Poitou in 1214, but who joined the rebels in 1215 and was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. Captured at the battle of Lincoln, he was soon restored to favour. Bedford Castle, however, had been taken by Falkes de Bréauté in December 1215. Following his fall from power, Bréauté was forced out after a siege in 1224, and the castle partially demolished. It was returned to William on condition that he maintain only an unfortified residence there. In his later years, William served as a baron of the exchequer, as sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, and as hereditary almoner at the coronation of Henry and Eleanor in 1236. He married first Gunnora de Lanvaley (d. before 1220), and second, Ida (d. 1266×9), daughter of William Longespée, earl of Salisbury. William was praised in the Flores historiarum as a benefactor of the church, but with Ida he became involved in disputes with Newnham Priory and Warden Abbey. His younger brother Geoffrey was also to be found in the king's service; he fought in both Wales and Gascony, and served as provost of Bayonne in 1253–4.

Clearly another forceful woman, after her husband's death Ida raided Simon of Pattishall's manor of Little Crawley, Buckinghamshire. Marriage to Ida brought William the manor of Newport Pagnell and patronage of the priory there, which she held as dower from her first marriage to Ralph de Somery. The temporary nature of this acquisition is typical of the Beauchamp family, whose land holdings remained virtually constant throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In 1257 William surrendered his barony to his third son William de Beauchamp (d. 1262), his elder sons John and Simon [iii] having predeceased him. He died at an advanced age in 1260. The younger William held the barony for only five years until his death, reputedly by poison, after which the Beauchamp lands were in wardship while his brother and heir John de Beauchamp (b. after 1241, d. 1265) was a minor. John was killed fighting for Simon de Montfort at the battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. His niece and heir Joan, Simon [iii]'s daughter, died soon after. Of John's three sisters, Matilda (d. by 1275) married first Roger de Mowbray and second Roger Lestrange (d. 1311), Ela married Baldwin de Wake, and Beatrice married first Thomas fitz Otto and second William de Munchensi, of Edwardstone, Suffolk. The barony was broken up by division between the sisters and their heirs. The Beauchamp family arms were quarterly or and gules, a bend gules.

Kathryn Faulkner
Sources

C. Gore Chambers and G. H. Fowler, The Beauchamps, barons of Bedford, Bedfordshire Historical RS, 1 (1913), 1–24 · J. Godber, ed., The cartulary of Newnham Priory, 1 vol. in 2 pts, Bedfordshire Historical RS, 43 (1963–4) · G. H. Fowler, Early charters of the priory of Chicksand, Bedfordshire Historical RS, 1 (1913), 101–23 · VCH Bedfordshire · J. Godber, History of Bedfordshire, 1066–1888 (1969) · Chancery records · Pipe rolls · Ann. mon., vol. 3 · Paris, Chron. · K. R. Potter and R. H. C. Davis, eds., Gesta Stephani, OMT (1976) · H. R. Luard, ed., Flores historiarum, 3 vols., Rolls Series, 95 (1890) · CIPM, 1, no. 516 · Calendar of inquisitions miscellaneous (chancery), PRO, 1 (1916), 612–13, 629, 936
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice      Oxford University Press


Kathryn Faulkner, ‘Beauchamp, de, family (per. c.1080-c.1265)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/54497, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

de Beauchamp (per. c.1080-c.1265): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54497
Hugh de Beauchamp (fl. 1080-c.1118): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61191
Simon de Beauchamp [i] (d. 1136/7): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61192
Miles de Beauchamp (d. 1142x53): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61193
Payn de Beauchamp (d. in or before 1155): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61194
Rohese de Beauchamp (d. 1166): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61195
Simon de Beauchamp [ii] (c.1145-1206/7): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61196
William de Beauchamp (d. 1262): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61198
John de Beauchamp (b. after 1241, d. 1265): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61199, Principal=Hugh de Beauchamp5 

Family 1

Paganus de Beauchamp b. c 1070, d. 1157
Child

Family 2

Geoffrey II de Mandeville b. b 1091, d. 14 Sep 1144
Children

Last Edited18 Jun 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 159-1.
  3. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 159-2.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 145.
  5. [S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
  6. [S311] Domesday Descendants: Some Corrigenda, online at http://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/research/prosop/…
  7. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 147.

Richard FitzGilbert de Clare1

M, #3467, b. circa 1090, d. 15 April 1136

Father*Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare1,2,3 b. b 1066, d. bt 1114 - 1117
Mother*Adeliza de Clermont1,4,3 b. c 1074
Richard FitzGilbert de Clare|b. c 1090\nd. 15 Apr 1136|p116.htm#i3467|Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare|b. b 1066\nd. bt 1114 - 1117|p101.htm#i3018|Adeliza de Clermont|b. c 1074|p101.htm#i3019|Richard FitzGilbert|b. 1035\nd. c 1090|p85.htm#i2539|Roese Gifford|d. a 1113|p85.htm#i2540|Hugh d. Clermont|b. 1030\nd. 1101|p116.htm#i3472|Marguerite de Rouci|b. c 1035|p116.htm#i3473|

Birth*circa 1090 Hertfordshire, England1 
Marriage* 1st=Alice of Chester1,2,3 
Death*15 April 1136 near Abergavenny, Wales, (slain by the Welsh)1,2,3 
Burial* Gloucester1 
Note* He was founder of the Priory of Tonbridge5 
HTML* 
Clare Line
 
Name Variation Richard FitzGilbert2 
Title* lord of Clare2 

Family

Alice of Chester
Children

Last Edited21 May 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246B-25.
  3. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 153-2.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246B-24.
  5. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 52.
  6. [S338] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 8th ed., 161-24.
  7. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 153-3.

Alice of Chester1

F, #3468

Father*Ranulph III le Meschin de Briquessart1,2 b. c 1070, d. 17 Jan 1128/29 or 27 Jan 1128/29
Mother*Lucy (?)1 b. c 1068, d. 1141
Alice of Chester||p116.htm#i3468|Ranulph III le Meschin de Briquessart|b. c 1070\nd. 17 Jan 1128/29 or 27 Jan 1128/29|p102.htm#i3036|Lucy (?)|b. c 1068\nd. 1141|p59.htm#i1764|Vicomte Ranulph I. of Bayeux|b. b 1046\nd. 1129|p102.htm#i3033|Margaret d' Avranches|b. c 1054|p102.htm#i3034|||||||

Marriage* Groom=Richard FitzGilbert de Clare1,2,3 
Event-Misc* She was rescued from the Welsh by Miles of Gloucester after her husband was killed4 
Name Variation Adeliza de Gernons4 

Family

Richard FitzGilbert de Clare b. c 1090, d. 15 Apr 1136
Children

Last Edited20 May 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246B-25.
  3. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 153-2.
  4. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 59.
  5. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 52.
  6. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 153-3.

Hugh Bigod1

M, #3469, b. circa 1095, d. before 6 March 1176/77

 

Father*Roger Bigod1,2,3 b. c 1050, d. 8 Sep 1107
Mother*Adeliza de Tony1,2 b. c 1069
Hugh Bigod|b. c 1095\nd. b 6 Mar 1176/77|p116.htm#i3469|Roger Bigod|b. c 1050\nd. 8 Sep 1107|p140.htm#i4195|Adeliza de Tony|b. c 1069|p140.htm#i4196|Roger Bigod|b. c 1036|p149.htm#i4468|(?) de St. Sauveur|b. c 1040|p149.htm#i4469|Robert de Todenai|d. 4 Aug 1088|p140.htm#i4197|Adela de Belvoir||p106.htm#i3159|

Of Belvoir, Suffolk, England1 
Birth*circa 1095 2 
Birthcirca 1099 1 
Marriage* Bride=Juliana de Vere1,2,4 
Marriage* 2nd=Gundred de Warenne1,4 
Death*before 6 March 1176/77 Holy Land1 
DNB* Bigod, Hugh (I), first earl of Norfolk (d. 1176/7), magnate, was the second son of Roger (I) Bigod (d. 1107), sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, and his second wife, Alice de Tosny. On the death of his half-brother William in the wreck of the White Ship in 1120, Hugh succeeded to the family's enormous estates in East Anglia, and he also inherited c.1130 estates in Yorkshire from his aunt, Albreda de Tosny. By 1135 there were 125 knights enfeoffed on his lands. He was married twice, first to Juliana de Vere (d. 1199/1200), with whom he had one son; the marriage was annulled, and Bigod married, secondly, Gundreda (d. 1206×8), daughter of Earl Roger of Warwick, with whom he had two sons.

Bigod's political career spanned five decades and service under four monarchs, beginning in 1120, with his appointment as a royal steward. He was frequently in attendance on Henry I, attesting forty-seven charters between 1121 and 1135. In 1135 he played a leading role in determining the disputed royal succession, taking an oath that Henry I on his deathbed had bequeathed the crown to his nephew Stephen, count of Blois. It would later be claimed that Hugh had not in fact been present at Henry's death, but at the time Bigod's declaration persuaded the archbishop of Canterbury to crown Stephen, and helped to induce the Anglo-Norman aristocracy to abandon the claim of King Henry's daughter, the Empress Matilda. Although Stephen confirmed Bigod as royal steward, an uneasy relationship soon developed between the two men. Bigod's lands were predominantly in Suffolk, based upon his castles at Framlingham, Bungay, and Walton. It seems clear that he aspired to extend his power into Norfolk as well, and when in 1136 there were rumours of Stephen's death, he occupied Norwich Castle. In 1140 Bigod rebelled twice, but in August 1140 an agreement was reached between him and King Stephen. Bigod was made earl of Norfolk, and in January 1141 he supported Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, though he fled as soon as fighting began. At the Council of Oxford in April 1141, however, he defected to Matilda, who did not recognize Stephen's creations. Bigod again received the earldom of Norfolk, but was unable to enforce his authority in that county. The sheriff of Norfolk ruled over Norwich and eastern Norfolk, while the Warenne and d'Aubigny families, who dominated western Norfolk, remained loyal to Stephen.

Eastern Suffolk, however, was described as terra Hugonis Bigod: royal manors were depleted of their stock, and Bigod seized five knights' fees. In 1144 he supported Geoffrey de Mandeville in the latter's rebellion against Stephen, and in 1147 he received Archbishop Theobald, who had been excluded from the country by the king, at Framlingham Castle. The bishops of London, Norwich, and Chichester visited the primate there, and Theobald judged ecclesiastical cases under Earl Hugh's protection. Although the earl's men attended the joint shire court of Norfolk and Suffolk at Norwich, c.1147–50, royal sheriffs were unable to exercise authority in eastern Suffolk in the late 1140s, and Bigod remained actively opposed to Stephen, being described in 1149 as ‘an inveterate enemy of the king's cause’ (Gesta Stephani, 223). In 1153, however, the civil war in East Anglia ended, after Earl Hugh surrendered Ipswich Castle to King Stephen. Stephen had earlier given the county of Norfolk to his second son, William. Late in 1153 the treaty of Winchester confirmed this grant, but in an apparent attempt at compromise, probably made at the insistence of Henry Plantagenet, Stephen bestowed on Bigod the title of earl, without a territorial designation, but with the earl's third penny from Norfolk, and also four royal manors in East Anglia with an annual value of £114. Between 1154 and 1156 Bigod or his subtenants accounted for the county farm of Norfolk and Suffolk.

Although Henry II suppressed many of the earldoms created in the reign of Stephen, in 1154 he regranted to Bigod the earldom (specifically) of Norfolk, along with the other rights delegated in 1153. In 1157, however, as part of a general programme of pacification in East Anglia, the king took control of all the castles of William de Blois and Hugh Bigod. The latter did not recover Framlingham, which for a time, at least, was manned by royal mercenaries, until 1165. Nevertheless, during the war of 1157–8 between Henry II and Prince Owain of Gwynedd, Earl Hugh took over responsibility for the administration of East Anglia from the sheriffs of Norfolk and Suffolk.

Throughout the late 1150s and the early 1160s Hugh Bigod was regularly at the royal court. In 1163 he was one of the twelve hostages whom the king offered to the count of Flanders as part of that year's treaty. In 1164–5 he supported Henry II's campaigns in Wales, paying for a retinue. In 1166 he was excommunicated by Archbishop Thomas Becket, following a dispute with Pentney Priory in Norfolk in the previous year. But the most important development in which Bigod was involved in the late 1160s was the construction of two new East Anglian castles, at Orford and Bungay. Bungay stood at the junction of the major roads running north-west and north-east towards Norwich where they crossed the River Waveney. Earl Hugh was charged £1000 by Henry II in 1165, presumably for licence to build at Bungay: 500 marks were paid in the first year, followed by smaller instalments for the next third over the following two years. In 1168–9, however, the barons of the exchequer ordered that he was not to be summoned for the remaining 500 marks unless the king demanded it, effectively exempting Bigod from further payment. Earl Hugh's fine may have paid for building the king's own splendid castle at Orford. Both castles were probably built principally in order to defend the coastal region of East Anglia from invasions from the continent, though the king may also have intended Orford to act as a control upon the earl.

Hugh Bigod's excommunication was quashed by a royal council in 1169. According to Matthew Paris, the earl's health deteriorated in the 1170s. Nevertheless, in 1172 he supported the rebellion of Henry, the Young King, the eldest son of Henry II. In return for his backing, Earl Hugh was offered the constableship of Norwich Castle, and the honour of Eye, which he may have intended to leave to his two sons from his second marriage. Be that as it may, when the earl of Leicester landed at Walton in Suffolk on 29 September 1173 with a force of Flemish mercenaries, he was joined by Bigod, and together the two earls captured Haughley Castle on 13 October. However, their attack on Walton Castle and the town of Dunwich failed, and after their return to Framlingham the earl of Leicester was forced to return to his own estates. But on 15 May 1174 more Flemish mercenaries, dispatched by the count of Flanders, landed at Orwell in Suffolk, and on 1 July 1174 they joined 500 of Bigod's soldiers. They captured Norwich Castle, but on all other fronts the rebels were defeated, and Bigod was forced into submission. On 25 July 1174 he swore an oath of homage to Henry II, and was fined £466. Arrangement was made for the safe conduct of the Flemish mercenaries out of the country, and Bigod's castle at Framlingham was demolished. The damage to his own estates was assessed at £94.

Hugh Bigod retained his earldom and Bungay Castle, as well as the four royal manors first granted to him in 1153, but he may have lost the right to collect the earl's third penny. In 1176 he went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but died on the journey, some time before 9 March 1177. His body was brought back to England, for burial near to other members of his family at Thetford Priory, to which he had granted numerous estates during his lifetime. The earldom of Norfolk passed to his eldest son, Roger (II) Bigod, but there was a dispute between his wives and sons over the estates that he had acquired, which was finally resolved only in 1199.

A. F. Wareham
Sources

R. Howlett, ed., Chronicles of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, 4, Rolls Series, 82 (1889), 193 · Materials for the history of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, 1, ed. J. C. Robertson, Rolls Series, 67 (1875), 491 · John of Salisbury, Historia pontificalis: John of Salisbury's memoirs of the papal court, ed. and trans. M. Chibnall (1956), 84 · W. Stubbs, ed., Gesta regis Henrici secundi Benedicti abbatis: the chronicle of the reigns of Henry II and Richard I, AD 1169–1192, 2 vols., Rolls Series, 49 (1867), 1.60–61 · The historical works of Gervase of Canterbury, ed. W. Stubbs, 1: The chronicle of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, Rolls Series, 73 (1879), 136, 203 · Henry, archdeacon of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, ed. D. E. Greenway, OMT (1996), 706–7, 728–31 · Radulfi de Diceto … opera historica, ed. W. Stubbs, 1: 1148–79, Rolls Series, 68 (1876), 377–8, 381 · Great Britain Exchequer, The great rolls of the pipe for the second, third, and fourth years of the reign of King Henry the second, AD 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, ed. J. Hunter, RC, 31 (1844), 8–10 · R. Foreville, L'église et la royauté en Angleterre sous Henri II Plantagenet, 1154–1189 (Paris, 1943), 206–9 · Paris, Chron., 2.291 · A. Wareham, ‘The motives and politics of the Bigod family, c.1066–1177’, Anglo-Norman Studies, 17 (1994), 223–42 · R. A. Brown, ‘Framlingham Castle and Bigod’, Castles, conquest, and charters: collected papers (1989), 187–208 · S. J. Bailey, ‘The Countess Gundred's lands’, Cambridge Law Journal, 10 (1948–50), 84–103 · K. R. Potter and R. H. C. Davis, eds., Gesta Stephani, OMT (1976) · W. L. Warren, Henry II (1973) · GEC, Peerage, new edn, 9.579–86 · M. Chibnall, The Empress Matilda (1991)
© Oxford University Press 2004–5
All rights reserved: see legal notice      Oxford University Press


A. F. Wareham, ‘Bigod, Hugh (I), first earl of Norfolk (d. 1176/7)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2376, accessed 24 Sept 2005]

Hugh (I) Bigod (d. 1176/7): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23765 
Title*1120 Lord of Framingham2 
Title1123 Royal Steward2 
Event-Misc*1133 From the Bayeaux Inquest of 1133: "Feodum Hugonis Bigoti in Logis et in Saveayo vavassoria, sed servit pro milite dimidio." These places were in Calvados.6 
Event-Misc1 December 1135 Hugh went to England and testified that the King Henry I had disinherited Empress Maud and nominated Stephen as his heir. The Archbishop of Canterbury thereupon agreed to consecrate Stephen King3 
Note* He remained faithful to King Stephen and defended the castle of Ipswich against the Empress Maud.4 
Title1140 Earl of Norfolk. This was granted by King Stephen for Hugh's help in obtaining the throne of England.7,4,3 
(Stephen) Battle-Lincoln2 February 1140/41 Principal=Stephen of Blois, Principal=Ranulph de Gernon3 
Event-Misc1142 Oxford, He defected from King Stephen to the Empress Maud, and attested charters by her3 
Event-Misc1144 Hugh and Geoffrey de Mandeville laid waste the East of England3 
Event-MiscNovember 1153 He attested the treated between Stephen and Matilda which recognized Henry II as Stephen's successor8 
Event-Misc1157 Henry II required Hugh to relinquish his castles8 
Event-Misc12 Henry II He certified his knight's fees to be 125 "de veterifeoffamento," and 35 "de novo," upon the occasion of the assessment in aid of the marriage of the king's daughter. By that time, he had been re-created Earl of Norfolk by Henry II, and been granted the office of Steward.4 
Feudal*1166 2 Kt. Fees, Principal=Roger FitzRichard9 
Excommunication*July 1166 8 
Event-MiscApril 1167 The pope granted him absolution8 
Event-Misc1173 He sided with Robert, Earl of Leicester in his rebellion against Henry II.4,8 
Event-Misc18 June 1174 He attacked a burned the city of Norwich, and a large number of the inhabitants were massacred8 
Event-Misc25 July 1174 Sileham, He surrendered to the King and did homage8 

Family 1

Juliana de Vere b. c 1116
Child

Family 2

Gundred de Warenne d. c 1166
Children

Last Edited24 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 155-1.
  3. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 28.
  4. [S342] Sir Bernard Burke, Extinct Peerages, p. 53.
  5. [S376] Unknown editor, unknown short title.
  6. [S341] Lewis C. Loyd, Anglo-Norman Families, p. 14.
  7. [S325] Rev. C. Moor, Knights of Edward I, p. 92.
  8. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 29.
  9. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 114.

Juliana de Vere1

F, #3470, b. circa 1116

Father*Aubrey de Vere1,2 b. b 1090, d. 15 May 1141
Mother*Adeliza de Clare1,2 b. c 1118, d. c 1163
Juliana de Vere|b. c 1116|p116.htm#i3470|Aubrey de Vere|b. b 1090\nd. 15 May 1141|p380.htm#i11371|Adeliza de Clare|b. c 1118\nd. c 1163|p117.htm#i3501|Aubrey de Vere|b. b 1040|p117.htm#i3487|Beatrice de Gand||p117.htm#i3488|Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare|b. b 1066\nd. bt 1114 - 1117|p101.htm#i3018|Adeliza de Clermont|b. c 1074|p101.htm#i3019|

Birth*circa 1116 1 
Marriage* 1st=Hugh Bigod1,2,3 
Marriage* Groom=Wakelin Maminot2 
Marriage* Principal=Roger de Glanville2 
Note* She was given Dovercourt with Harwich by her father4 

Family

Hugh Bigod b. c 1095, d. b 6 Mar 1176/77
Child

Last Edited3 Sep 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S233] Frederick Lewis Weis, Magna Charta Sureties, 155-1.
  3. [S342] Sir Bernard Burke, Extinct Peerages, p. 53.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 252.

Helvide de Dampierre Montmirail/1

F, #3471, d. after 1224

Father*William (?)1 b. c 1135, d. 1161
Mother*Ermengarde de Mouchy1
Helvide de Dampierre Montmirail/|d. a 1224|p116.htm#i3471|William (?)|b. c 1135\nd. 1161|p126.htm#i3769|Ermengarde de Mouchy||p126.htm#i3770|Gui I. (?)|d. 1151|p126.htm#i3771|Helvide d. Baudmont|d. 1165|p126.htm#i3772|Dreux I. (?)|d. a 1162|p126.htm#i3773|Adelaide (?)||p126.htm#i3774|

Marriage*circa 1170 Principal=Jean de Montmirail1 
Death*after 1224 1 
Burial* Vaucelles1 

Family

Jean de Montmirail b. c 1167, d. 1217
Child

Last Edited14 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Hugh de Clermont1

M, #3472, b. 1030, d. 1101

Father*Renaud I de Clermont1 d. 1087
Mother*Ermengardis de Clermont1
Hugh de Clermont|b. 1030\nd. 1101|p116.htm#i3472|Renaud I de Clermont|d. 1087|p116.htm#i3477|Ermengardis de Clermont||p298.htm#i8927|Hugh (?)|d. a 1060|p324.htm#i9719||||Baudouin I. (?)|d. a 1042|p298.htm#i8928||||

Birth*1030 of Clermont, Beauvais, France1 
Marriage*circa 1065 Principal=Marguerite de Rouci1,2 
Death*1101 of Northamptonshire, England1,2 
Name Variation Hugh de Creil2 

Family

Marguerite de Rouci b. c 1035
Children

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246-23.
  3. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 144-25.

Marguerite de Rouci1

F, #3473, b. circa 1035

Father*Count Hildouin de Rameru1,2 d. 1063
Mother*Alix de Roucy1,2 d. 1062
Marguerite de Rouci|b. c 1035|p116.htm#i3473|Count Hildouin de Rameru|d. 1063|p94.htm#i2814|Alix de Roucy|d. 1062|p86.htm#i2579|Hildouin I. de Rameru|d. a 1032|p118.htm#i3522||||Count Ebles I. of Roucy|b. c 988\nd. 11 May 1033|p168.htm#i5037|Beatrix o. Hainaut|b. c 997\nd. a 1035|p168.htm#i5038|

Birth*circa 1035 of Montdidier, Somme, France1 
Marriage*circa 1065 Principal=Hugh de Clermont1,3 
Name Variation Margaret de Roucy3 

Family

Hugh de Clermont b. 1030, d. 1101
Children

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246-22.
  3. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 246-23.
  4. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 144-25.

Gunnora Briune1

F, #3474

Marriage* Principal=Gilbert of Brionne1 

Family

Gilbert of Brionne d. 1040
Children

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Walter Giffard "the Elder"1

M, #3475, b. say 1010, d. before 1084

Father*Walter Giffard1,2 b. c 978
Father*Osbern de Bolebec3,4
Walter Giffard "the Elder"|b. s 1010\nd. b 1084|p116.htm#i3475|Walter Giffard|b. c 978|p170.htm#i5090|Avelina de Crepon|b. s 956|p160.htm#i4797|Osbern de Bolebec||p170.htm#i5092|Avelina FitzRichard||p209.htm#i6260|King Harald I. Blaatand "Blue Tooth"|b. 911\nd. 1 Nov 986|p147.htm#i4392||||

Last Edited4 Jun 2005

Ermentrude Flaitel1

F, #3476

Father*Gerard de Fleitel1,2
Mother*Anonyma d' Evereux1
Ermentrude Flaitel||p116.htm#i3476|Gerard de Fleitel||p140.htm#i4179|Anonyma d' Evereux||p140.htm#i4180|||||||Robert d' Evereux|b. c 964\nd. 1037|p113.htm#i3373|Herleva (?)|b. 968|p113.htm#i3374|

Marriage* Principal=Walter Giffard "the Elder"1,2,3 
Name Variation Emmengard3 
Name Variation Agnes2 

Family

Walter Giffard "the Elder" b. s 1010, d. b 1084
Children

Last Edited4 Jun 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S168] Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots, 184-1.
  3. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 121.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 104.

Renaud I de Clermont1

M, #3477, d. 1087

Father*Hugh (?)1 d. a 1060
Renaud I de Clermont|d. 1087|p116.htm#i3477|Hugh (?)|d. a 1060|p324.htm#i9719||||Renaud (?)|d. a 1047|p324.htm#i9720||||||||||

Marriage* Principal=Ermengardis de Clermont1 
Death*1087 1 

Family

Ermengardis de Clermont
Child

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

Manasses 'Calva Asina' (?)1

M, #3478, d. after 1053

Father*Hildouin III de Rameru1 d. a 1032
Manasses 'Calva Asina' (?)|d. a 1053|p116.htm#i3478|Hildouin III de Rameru|d. a 1032|p118.htm#i3522||||Hilduin I. (?)|d. 992|p168.htm#i5033||||||||||

Marriage*circa 1035 Principal=Beatrix of Hainaut1 
Death*after 1053 1 

Last Edited24 Oct 2003

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.

William de Mandeville1

M, #3479, b. circa 1062, d. circa 1130

Father*Geoffrey de Mandeville1,2 d. c 1100
Mother*Athelaise de Balts1 b. c 1040
William de Mandeville|b. c 1062\nd. c 1130|p116.htm#i3479|Geoffrey de Mandeville|d. c 1100|p117.htm#i3481|Athelaise de Balts|b. c 1040|p117.htm#i3482|||||||||||||

Birth*circa 1062 Rycott, Oxfordshire, England1 
Birthsay 1072 2 
Marriage* G. W. Watson says he did not marry Margaret de Rye, Principal=Margaret de Rye1,2 
Deathbefore May 1116 3 
Death*circa 1130 1,2 
Event-Misc*1101 London, England, While serving as constable of the Tower of London, Ranulf, Bishop of Durham, escaped. William was punished by the forfeiture of part of his holdings.3 

Family 1
Child

Family 2

Margaret de Rye b. c 1075
Children

Last Edited18 Jun 2005

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 15.
  3. [S311] Domesday Descendants: Some Corrigenda, online at http://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/research/prosop/…
  4. [S285] Leo van de Pas, 30 Jun 2004.
  5. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 13.
  6. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 145.

Margaret de Rye1

F, #3480, b. circa 1075

Father*Eudo de Rie1,2 d. 1120
Mother*Rohaise de Clare1,2 b. c 1055, d. 1121
Margaret de Rye|b. c 1075|p116.htm#i3480|Eudo de Rie|d. 1120|p117.htm#i3483|Rohaise de Clare|b. c 1055\nd. 1121|p117.htm#i3484|Hubert d. Rye||p117.htm#i3485||||Richard FitzGilbert|b. 1035\nd. c 1090|p85.htm#i2539|Roese Gifford|d. a 1113|p85.htm#i2540|

Birth*circa 1075 of Colchester, Essex, England1 
Marriage* G. W. Watson says he did not marry Margaret de Rye, Principal=William de Mandeville1,3 
Marriage*before May 1116 Principal=Otuel of Chester2 

Family

William de Mandeville b. c 1062, d. c 1130
Children

Last Edited20 Jul 2004

Citations

  1. [S218] Marlyn Lewis, Ancestry of Elizabeth of York.
  2. [S311] Domesday Descendants: Some Corrigenda, online at http://www.linacre.ox.ac.uk/research/prosop/…
  3. [S301] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Robert Abell, p. 15.
  4. [S347] Carl Boyer 3rd, Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, p. 13.
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